Can Breastfeeding Protect from Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)? A Preliminary Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Yorifuji, T.; Tsukahara, H.; Doi, H. Breastfeeding and Risk of Kawasaki Disease: A Nationwide Longitudinal Survey in Japan. Pediatrics 2016, 137, e20153919. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wang, S.; Xiang, D.; Fang, C.; Yao, B. Association between breastfeeding and Kawasaki disease: A case-control study. Eur. J. Pediatr. 2020, 179, 447–453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Porritt, R.A.; Binek, A.; Paschold, L.; Rivas, M.N.; McArdle, A.; Yonker, L.M.; Alter, G.; Chandnani, H.K.; Lopez, M.; Fasano, A.; et al. The autoimmune signature of hyperinflammatory multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. J. Clin. Investig. 2021, 131, e151520. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Carter, M.J.; Fish, M.; Jennings, A.; Doores, K.J.; Wellman, P.; Seow, J.; Acors, S.; Graham, C.; Timms, E.; Kenny, J.; et al. Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 2020, 26, 701–707. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- McMurray, J.C.; May, J.W.; Cunningham, M.W.; Jones, O.Y. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), a post-viral myocarditis and systemic vasculitis—A critical review of its pathogenesis and treatment. Front. Pediatr. 2020, 16, 626182. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Consiglio, C.R.; Cotugno, N.; Sardh, F.; Pou, C.; Amodio, D.; Rodriguez, L.; Tan, Z.; Zicari, S.; Ruggiero, A.; Pascucci, G.R.; et al. The immunology of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19. Cell 2020, 183, 968–981.e7. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Patel, J.M. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep. 2022, 22, 53–60. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Verd, S.; Cueto-Felgueroso, P.; Moll, P.; Mambie, M. Long-term infant feeding roles in triggering uncontrolled inflammatory responses. Pediatr Res. 2022. Epub ahead of print. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Verd, S.; Ramakers, J.; Vinuela, I.; Martin-Delgado, M.I.; Prohens, A.; Díez, R. Does breastfeeding protect children from COVID-19? An observational study from pediatric services in Majorca, Spain. Int. Breastfeed. J. 2021, 16, 83. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Keim, S.A.; Smith, K.; Ingol, T.; Li, R.; Boone, K.M.; Oza-Frank, R. Improved estimation of breastfeeding rates using a novel breastfeeding and milk expression survey. Breastfeed. Med. 2019, 14, 499–507. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo. Encuesta Nacional de Salud España 2017. Available online: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/encuestaNacional/encuestaNac2017/ENSE17_pres_web.pdf (accessed on 13 June 2022).
- Meyer, K.; Volkmann, A.; Hufnagel, M.; Schachinger, E.; Klau, S.; Horstmann, J.; Berner, R.; Fischer, M.; Lehner, A.; Haas, N.; et al. Breastfeeding and vitamin D supplementation reduce the risk of Kawasaki disease in a German population-based case-control study. BMC Pediatr. 2019, 19, 66. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Guo, M.M.; Tsai, I.H.; Kuo, H.C. Effect of breastfeeding for 6 months on disease outcomes in patients with Kawasaki disease. PLoS ONE 2021, 16, e0261156. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Case | PICU/Ward | Gender | Age (Years) | Birthweight (Grams) | Initial Infant Feeding | Duration of Any Breastfeeding (Months) | Hospital Stay (Total Number of Days) | PICU Stay Length (Days) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | GT | girl | 7 | 3050 | breastfeeding | 1.5 | 6 | 2 |
2 | GT | girl | 6 | 3450 | breastfeeding | 3 | 5 | 0 |
3 | GT | girl | 5 | 2930 | formula | 0 | 6 | 0 |
4 | GT | boy | 4 | 3250 | formula | 0 | 8 | 2 |
5 | SP | girl | 7 | 3440 | breastfeeding | 14 | 6 | 0 |
6 | SP | boy | 4 | 3550 | breastfeeding | 24 | 8 | 3 |
7 | SP | boy | 2 | 2470 | breastfeeding | 2 | 5 | 0 |
8 | SP | girl | 4 | 3150 | formula | 0 | 3 | 0 |
9 | SP | boy | 4 | 3130 | breastfeeding | 3 | 6 | 0 |
10 | J23 | girl | 4 | 3600 | breastfeeding | 6 | 4 | 0 |
11 | J23 | girl | 7 | 3500 | breastfeeding | 12 | 6 | 1 |
12 | J23 | girl | 5 | 3900 | breastfeeding | 8 | 4 | 0 |
13 | J23 | boy | 3 | 2500 | formula | 0 | 7 | 3 |
14 | J23 | girl | 5 | 3300 | formula | 0 | 5 | 0 |
15 | J23 | boy | 3 | 3800 | formula | 0 | 8 | 2 |
16 | j23 | boy | 4 | 2490 | formula | 0 | 6 | 0 |
Variables | Formula-Fed Children N = 7 | Breastfed Children N = 9 | p Value |
---|---|---|---|
Girls/boys | 3/4 | 6/3 | 0.614 |
Birthweight (grams) | 3060 (466) | 3343 (412) | 0.218 |
Years of age | 4.00 (0.82) | 5.11 (1.76) | 0.147 |
PICU stay length (days) | 1.00 (1.29) | 0.67 (1.12) | 0.588 |
Hospital stay (days) | 6.14 (1.77) | 5.56 (1.24) | 0.447 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Rodríguez-Fanjul, X.; Verd, S.; Brio, S. Can Breastfeeding Protect from Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)? A Preliminary Study. Children 2022, 9, 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081160
Rodríguez-Fanjul X, Verd S, Brio S. Can Breastfeeding Protect from Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)? A Preliminary Study. Children. 2022; 9(8):1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081160
Chicago/Turabian StyleRodríguez-Fanjul, Xavier, Sergio Verd, and Sonia Brio. 2022. "Can Breastfeeding Protect from Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)? A Preliminary Study" Children 9, no. 8: 1160. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9081160