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Volume 9
Issue 2
10.3390/informatics9020034
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Review

Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding

by
Anjan Gudigar
1,
Raghavendra U.
1,*,
Jyothi Samanth
2,
Akhila Vasudeva
3,
Ashwal A. J.
4,
Krishnananda Nayak
2,
Ru-San Tan
5,
Edward J. Ciaccio
6,
Chui Ping Ooi
7,
Prabal Datta Barua
8,9,10,
Filippo Molinari
11 and
U. Rajendra Acharya
7,12,13,14
1
Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
2
Department of Cardiovascular Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
3
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
4
Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
5
Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 169609, Singapore
6
Department of Medicine—Cardiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
7
School of Science and Technology, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore 599494, Singapore
8
Cogninet Brain Team, Cogninet Australia, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
9
School of Business (Information Systems), Faculty of Business, Education, Law & Arts, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia
10
Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
11
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
12
School of Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore 599489, Singapore
13
Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
14
International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Informatics 2022, 9(2), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034
Submission received: 15 January 2022 / Revised: 10 April 2022 / Accepted: 11 April 2022 / Published: 18 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Medical and Clinical Informatics)
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Abstract

The fetal echocardiogram is useful for monitoring and diagnosing cardiovascular diseases in the fetus in utero. Importantly, it can be used for assessing prenatal congenital heart disease, for which timely intervention can improve the unborn child’s outcomes. In this regard, artificial intelligence (AI) can be used for the automatic analysis of fetal heart ultrasound images. This study reviews nondeep and deep learning approaches for assessing the fetal heart using standard four-chamber ultrasound images. The state-of-the-art techniques in the field are described and discussed. The compendium demonstrates the capability of automatic assessment of the fetal heart using AI technology. This work can serve as a resource for research in the field.
Keywords: computer-based diagnostic tool; congenital heart disease; deep learning approaches; ultrasound imagery computer-based diagnostic tool; congenital heart disease; deep learning approaches; ultrasound imagery

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gudigar, A.; U., R.; Samanth, J.; Vasudeva, A.; A. J., A.; Nayak, K.; Tan, R.-S.; Ciaccio, E.J.; Ooi, C.P.; Barua, P.D.; et al. Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding. Informatics 2022, 9, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034

AMA Style

Gudigar A, U. R, Samanth J, Vasudeva A, A. J. A, Nayak K, Tan R-S, Ciaccio EJ, Ooi CP, Barua PD, et al. Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding. Informatics. 2022; 9(2):34. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gudigar, Anjan, Raghavendra U., Jyothi Samanth, Akhila Vasudeva, Ashwal A. J., Krishnananda Nayak, Ru-San Tan, Edward J. Ciaccio, Chui Ping Ooi, Prabal Datta Barua, and et al. 2022. "Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding" Informatics 9, no. 2: 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034

APA Style

Gudigar, A., U., R., Samanth, J., Vasudeva, A., A. J., A., Nayak, K., Tan, R.-S., Ciaccio, E. J., Ooi, C. P., Barua, P. D., Molinari, F., & Acharya, U. R. (2022). Role of Four-Chamber Heart Ultrasound Images in Automatic Assessment of Fetal Heart: A Systematic Understanding. Informatics, 9(2), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9020034

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