Multiple Roles of Pitx2 in Cardiac Development and Disease
Abstract
:1. Introduction to Cardiac Development
2. Cardiac Regulatory Mechanisms
3. The Homeobox Transcription Factor Pitx2
4. Pitx2 and Left-Right Signalling
5. Genetics of Congenital Heart Diseases
6. Left-Right Signalling and Congenital Heart Diseases
7. Pitx2 and Congenital Heart Diseases
8. Beyond CHD: Pitx2 and Atrial Fibrillation
9. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Congenital Heart Disease | Type | References |
---|---|---|
Atrial Septa Defect (ASD) | Ostium primum ASD Ostium secundum ASD Patent foramen ovale Sinus venosus ASD Common or single atrium | [124] [130,131,132] |
Ventricular Septa Defect (VSD) | Perimembranous/membranous VSD (type 2) Inlet and AV canal VSD (type 3) Left ventricular to right atrial communication (Gerbode type) | [125] [126] |
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV) | DORV with subaortic VSD DORV with subpulmonic VSD | [7,10] [38,39] |
Right Atrial Isomerism (RAI) | [27,28] [133] | |
Transposition of Great Arteries (TGA) | [125] | |
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) | [131] |
Cardiac Disease | Type | Related Pathways | References |
---|---|---|---|
Atrial Fibrillation (AF) | Paroxysmal Persistent Permanent | Pitx2 regulates AF through modulation of multiple genes and miRNAs implicated: → KCNN3, TBX5, HCN4, KCNJ2, CAV-1, KCNQ1, ZFHX3, SYNE2, IL6R, ENPEP, SCN5A, GJA1, RYR2, DSP, ATP2A2, SHOX2, TBX3, WNT8A → miR17-92, miR106b-25, miR-1, miR-26b, miR-29a, miR-106a/b, miR-13 | [104,105,106] [137,138,139,140,141,142,143] [145,146,147] [154] [147] |
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Franco, D.; Sedmera, D.; Lozano-Velasco, E. Multiple Roles of Pitx2 in Cardiac Development and Disease. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2017, 4, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd4040016
Franco D, Sedmera D, Lozano-Velasco E. Multiple Roles of Pitx2 in Cardiac Development and Disease. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2017; 4(4):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd4040016
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranco, Diego, David Sedmera, and Estefanía Lozano-Velasco. 2017. "Multiple Roles of Pitx2 in Cardiac Development and Disease" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 4, no. 4: 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd4040016