Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Medical Office on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care Settings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Data Source
2.2. Instrument
2.3. Translation Process
2.4. Sample
2.5. Statistical Analysis
2.6. Ethics
3. Results
3.1. Sample
3.2. Factor Analysis and Internal Consistency
3.3. Safety Culture Composite Measures and Overall Rating in Patient Safety and Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AHRQ | agency of healthcare research and quality |
MOSPSC | medical survey on patient safety culture |
PHU | primary healthcare unit |
G-MSOPSC | Greek version of medical survey on patient safety culture |
SOPS | surveys on patient safety culture |
PEDY | national primary health care network |
FICT | free and informed consent term |
References
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Patient Safety Culture Dimensions | Definition | Items |
---|---|---|
Communication about error | Staff are willing to report mistakes they observe and do not feel like their mistakes are held against them, and providers and staff talk openly about office problems and how to prevent errors from happening | 4 (D7R, D8, D11,D12) |
Communication Openness | Providers in the office are open to staff ideas about how to improve office processes, and staff are encouraged to express alternative viewpoints and do not find it difficult to voice disagreement | 4 (D7R, D8, D11, D12) |
Office Processes and Standardization | The office is organized, has an effective workflow, has standardized processes for completing tasks, and has good procedures for checking the accuracy of work performed | 4 (C8R, C9, C12R, C15) |
Organizational Learning | The office has a learning culture that facilitates making changes in office processes to improve the quality of patient care and evaluates changes for effectiveness. | 3 (F1, F5, F7) |
Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety and Quality | The quality of patient care is more important than getting more work done, office processes are good at preventing mistakes, and mistakes do not happen more than they should | 4 (F2, F3R, F4R, F6R) |
Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient Safety | Office leadership actively supports quality and patient safety, places a high priority on improving patient care processes, does not overlook mistakes, and makes decisions based on what is best for patients. | 4 (E1R, E2R, E3, E4R) |
Patient Care Tracking/Follow up | The office reminds patients about appointments, documents how well patients follow treatment plans, follows up with patients who need monitoring, and follows up when reports from an outside provider are not received. | 4 (D3, D5, D6, D9) |
Staff Training | The office provides staff with effective on-the-job training, trains staff on new processes, and does not assign staff tasks they have not been trained to perform. | 3 (C4, C7, C10R) |
Teamwork | The office has a culture of teamwork, mutual respect, and close working relationships among staff and providers | 4 (C1, C2, C5, C13) |
Work Pressure and Pace | There are enough staff and providers to handle the patient load, and the office work pace is not hectic | 4 (C3R, C6R, C11, C14R) |
Services of PHU * | n (67) | (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
Medical | 35 | 52 | |
Microbiology | 22 | 33 | |
Radiology | 10 | 15 | |
Respondents | N (459) | (%) | |
Staff position | Nurses | 190 | 41 |
Physicians | 95 | 21 | |
Midwifes | 80 | 17 | |
Administration | 55 | 12 | |
Other | 39 | 9 | |
Female | 312 | 68 | |
Age of respondents | <30 years old | 50 | 11 |
30-39 years old | 152 | 33 | |
40-49 years old | 124 | 27 | |
≥50 years old | 116 | 25 | |
No answer for age | 17 | 4 | |
Primary work | Medical | 316 | 69 |
Radiology | 45 | 10 | |
Microbiology laboratory | 43 | 9 | |
Clerical staff | 55 | 12 | |
Length of time in PHU | 1 to 5 years | 115 | 25 |
6 to 10 years | 160 | 35 | |
More than 10 | 184 | 40 | |
Working hours per week | 25 to 32 h per week | 72 | 16 |
33 to 40 h per week | 350 | 76 | |
≥41 h per week | 37 | 8 |
Items | Mean | SD | Composite 1 | Composite 2 | Composite 3 | Composite 4 | Composite 5 | Composite 6 | Composite 7 | Composite 8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D11 | 4.22 | 1.106 | 0.94 | |||||||
C2 | 4.26 | 1.067 | 0.94 | |||||||
D8 | 4.21 | 1.081 | 0.94 | |||||||
C5 | 4.24 | 1.101 | 0.94 | |||||||
D12 | 4.18 | 1.051 | 0.91 | |||||||
F5 | 4.21 | 1.108 | 0.90 | |||||||
C13 | 4.2 | 1.045 | 0.89 | |||||||
F7 | 4.18 | 1.152 | 0.89 | |||||||
D1 | 4.08 | 1.183 | 0.84 | |||||||
D2 | 4.06 | 1.154 | 0.80 | |||||||
F1 | 4.01 | 1.084 | 0.68 | |||||||
D7R | 3.83 | 1.168 | 0.66 | |||||||
E3 | 4.07 | 1.252 | 0.57 | |||||||
E2R | 3.85 | 1.168 | 0.87 | |||||||
D10R | 3.59 | 1.345 | 0.86 | |||||||
E4R | 3.67 | 1.368 | 0.83 | |||||||
D4R | 3.8 | 1.305 | 0.77 | |||||||
C12R | 4.02 | 1.136 | 0.86 | |||||||
C8R | 4.2 | 1.063 | 0.84 | |||||||
C15 | 3.83 | 1.268 | 0.77 | |||||||
C9 | 3.81 | 1.071 | 0.77 | |||||||
C3R | 3.49 | 1.443 | 0.85 | |||||||
E1R | 3.38 | 1.432 | 0.84 | |||||||
C14R | 3.84 | 1.318 | 0.74 | |||||||
F4R | 3.93 | 0.899 | 0.95 | |||||||
F3R | 3.95 | 0.877 | 0.95 | |||||||
F6R | 3.94 | 1.152 | 0.65 | |||||||
C7 | 3.83 | 1.046 | 0.88 | |||||||
C4 | 3.75 | 0.97 | 0.88 | |||||||
C10R | 3.57 | 1.272 | 0.73 | |||||||
D5 | 3.97 | 1.111 | 0.97 | |||||||
D6 | 4.04 | 1.098 | 0.96 | |||||||
C11 | 3.59 | 1.307 | 0.86 | |||||||
C6R | 3.39 | 1.357 | 0.81 |
MOSPSC Factor Analysis | G-MOSPSC * Factor Analysis | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composites | Items | Cronbach’s α American Data | Cronbach’s α Greek Data | Composites | Items | Cronbach’s α |
1. Teamwork | 4 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 1. Teamwork (C2, C5, C13) + 3. Organizational learning (F1, F5, F7) + 6. Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient Safety (E3) + 7. Communication About Error + 8. Communication Openness (D1, D2) | 13 | 0.96 |
2. Patient Care Tracking/Follow up | 4 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 2. Patient Care Tracking/Follow up (D5, D6) | 2 | 0.964 |
3. Organizational learning | 3 | 0.82 | 0.80 | 4. Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety and Quality (F4R, F3R, F6R) | 3 | 0.834 |
4. Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety and Quality | 4 | 0.74 | 0.70 | 5. Staff Training * | 3 | 0.790 |
5. Staff Training | 3 | 0.63 | 0.72 | 6. Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient (E2R, E4R) + 8. Communication Openness (D4R, D10R) | 4 | 0.890 |
6. Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient Safety | 4 | 0.76 | 0.71 | 6. Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient Safety(E1R) + 10. Work Pressure and Pace(C3R, C14R) | 3 | 0.838 |
7. Communication About Error | 4 | 0.80 | 0.72 | 9. Office Processes and Standardization * | 4 | 0.839 |
8. Communication Openness | 4 | 0.81 | 0.72 | 10. Work Pressure and Pace (C11, C6R) | 2 | 0.692 |
9. Office Processes and Standardization | 4 | 0.78 | 0.71 | |||
10. Work Pressure and Pace | 4 | 0,76 | 0.72 |
Patient Safety Culture Composite Measures | Average (%) Positive Response | |
---|---|---|
AHRQ Database | This Study | |
Patient Care Tracking/Follow up | 88 | 80 |
Teamwork | 86 | 82 |
Organizational Learning | 81 | 80 |
Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety and Quality | 80 | 77 |
Staff Training | 75 | 70 |
Communication About Error | 74 | 70 |
Communication Openness | 72 | 64 |
Office Processes and Standardization | 70 | 67 |
Owner/Managing Partner/Leadership Support for Patient Safety | 69 | 62 |
Work Pressure and Pace | 49 | 46 |
This Study (%) | AHRQ Database 2020 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Excellent/Very Good | Excellent/Very Good | ||
Overall rating on quality issues | Patient centered | 75 | 71 |
Effective | 75 | 71 | |
Timely | 65 | 56 | |
Efficient | 63 | 62 | |
Equitable | 85 | 84 | |
Overall rating on patient safety | 70 | 68 |
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Antonakos, I.; Souliotis, K.; Psaltopoulou, T.; Tountas, Y.; Papaefstathiou, A.; Kantzanou, M. Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Medical Office on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care Settings. Medicines 2021, 8, 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8080042
Antonakos I, Souliotis K, Psaltopoulou T, Tountas Y, Papaefstathiou A, Kantzanou M. Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Medical Office on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care Settings. Medicines. 2021; 8(8):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8080042
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonakos, Ioannis, Kyriakos Souliotis, Theodora Psaltopoulou, Yannis Tountas, Athanasios Papaefstathiou, and Maria Kantzanou. 2021. "Psychometric Properties of the Greek Version of the Medical Office on Patient Safety Culture in Primary Care Settings" Medicines 8, no. 8: 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines8080042