The Great Saphenous Vein Proximal Part: Branches, Anatomical Variations, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice and Venous Reflux Surgery
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Enrolment Criteria
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Data | Total (n = 316) | Description |
---|---|---|
Gender | ||
Female | 185 | 71.9% |
Male | 72 | 28% |
Native environment | ||
Urban | 142 | 55.2% |
Rural | 115 | 44.7% |
Age (years) | Mean ± SD: 53.2 ± 11.4 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | Mean ± SD: 26.9 ± 4.7 | |
CVD Stage | ||
C2 | 54 | 21% |
C3 | 126 | 49% |
C4 | 64 | 24.9% |
C5 | 3 | 1.1% |
C6 | 11 | 4.2% |
Number of Tributaries | Percentage of Cases Encountered in the Study Group |
no tributaries | 0.3% |
<3 tributaries | 25.2% |
3–5 tributaries | 63.8% |
5 tributaries in (n = 27) | 10.5% |
Branches | Percentage of Cases Encountered in the Study Group |
superficial external pudendal vein | 96.8% |
superficial epigastric vein | 92.2% |
superficial circumflex iliac vein | 51.7% |
deep external pudendal vein | 39.6% |
posteromedial thigh branch | 34.6% |
anterolateral thigh branch | 26.4% |
medial accesory saphenous vein | 4.6% |
anterior accessory great saphenous vein | 12% |
Aneurysmally Degenerated Great Saphenous Vein | Percentage of Cases Encountered in the Study Group |
Sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) aneurysm among study group | 13.6% |
SFJ aneurysm—normoponderal patients | 20% |
SFJ aneurysm—overweight patients | 51.4% |
SFJ aneurysm—obese patients | 28.5% |
SFJ aneurysm among the ‘<3 Tributaries’ group | 28.5% |
SFJ aneurysm among the ‘3–5 Tributaries’ group | 60% |
SFJ aneurysm among the ‘>5 Tributaries’ group | 11.4% |
Anatomical Variation | Urban (%) | Gender (F%) | GSV | BMI | Age | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diameter (cm) Mean ± SD | p-Value | Mean (kg/m2) | p-Value | Mean (Years) | p-Value | ||||
No Tributaries | 50 | 60 | 0.9 | 0.01 | 25 | 0.05 | 55 | 0.09 | 1 |
<3 Tributaries | 55 | 70 | 1.1 ± 0.25 | 0.03 | 26 | 0.1 | 50 | 0.13 | 65 |
3–5 Tributaries | 60 | 75 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.05 | 27 | 0.15 | 48 | 0.06 | 164 |
>5 Tributaries | 65 | 80 | 1.5 ± 0.35 | 0.09 | 28 | 0.2 | 60 | 0.07 | 27 |
Aneurysmal Degenerate | 70 | 85 | 1.9 ± 0.45 | 0.07 | 29 | 0.25 | 65 | 0.04 | 35 |
Anterior Accessory GSV | 75 | 90 | 1.7 ± 0.4 | 0.24 | 30 | 0.3 | 63 | 0.05 | 31 |
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Munteanu, K.; Ghirlea, O.; Breban-Schwarzkopf, D.; Dănilă, A.-I.; Iacob, R.-G.; Petrache, I.A.; Cozma, G.V.; Bordianu, A.; Bolintineanu, S.L. The Great Saphenous Vein Proximal Part: Branches, Anatomical Variations, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice and Venous Reflux Surgery. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11080242
Munteanu K, Ghirlea O, Breban-Schwarzkopf D, Dănilă A-I, Iacob R-G, Petrache IA, Cozma GV, Bordianu A, Bolintineanu SL. The Great Saphenous Vein Proximal Part: Branches, Anatomical Variations, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice and Venous Reflux Surgery. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2024; 11(8):242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11080242
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunteanu, Krisztina, Ovidiu Ghirlea, Daniel Breban-Schwarzkopf, Alexandra-Ioana Dănilă, Roxana-Georgeta Iacob, Ioan Adrian Petrache, Gabriel Veniamin Cozma, Anca Bordianu, and Sorin Lucian Bolintineanu. 2024. "The Great Saphenous Vein Proximal Part: Branches, Anatomical Variations, and Their Implications for Clinical Practice and Venous Reflux Surgery" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 11, no. 8: 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11080242