Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Clinical Interview and Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Lipid Ratios and 10. y./CVR Scores Quantification
2.4. Cardiovascular Evaluation
2.4.1. Heart Rate, Brachial, and Aortic Blood Pressure
2.4.2. Carotid and Femoral Artery Ultrasound
2.4.3. Plaques’ Composition and Geometry
2.5. Data and Statistical Analysis
2.5.1. Association between Subject Characteristics and Plaques Presence, Burden, and Characteristics
2.5.2. Capability of Subject’s Characteristics to Detect Plaque Presence and/or Burden
3. Results
3.1. Subjects’ Characteristics
3.2. Subjects’ Characteristics: Association with Plaque Presence and Atherosclerotic Burden
3.3. Subjects’ Characteristics: Association with Geometric Characteristics of Atherosclerotic Plaques
3.4. Subjects’ Characteristics: Association with Plaque Composition (Fibro-Lipid Content)
3.5. CRFs, 10-y./CVR Scores and Lipid Ratios Capability to Detect Plaque Presence and Burden
3.6. CRFs, 10-y./CVR Scores and Lipid Ratios Levels Capability to Predict Plaque Geometry and Composition
3.7. Association between Plaques’ Geometry and Composition
4. Discussion
4.1. Main Findings
- First, the variables most strongly associated with the presence of plaques, and which could be used to identify sub-populations that could benefit from imaging studies to individualize risk, were: age, 10-y./CVR and (although weakly) cSBP or cPP (rather than pSBP or pPP). Individually, classical CRFs and lipid ratios (TC/HDL, LDL/HDL, LogTG/HDL) showed almost no association with plaques presence. Thus, their capability to detect plaques presence would be limited.
- Second, regarding atherosclerotic burden, age, and 10-y./CVR levels showed the highest levels of association. The associations with 10-y./CVR varied depending on the CVR-equation and on the definition of atherosclerotic burden considered.
- Third, plaques geometry parameters (surface, width and height) showed associations with different variables, but only 10-y./CVR followed by age and BP (mainly cBP) would allow identification of the presence of plaques with large surfaces (˃p75th).
- Fourth, the greatest association with plaque composition was obtained for lipid ratios. Higher TC/HDL, LDL/HDL and/or LogTG/HDL levels associated higher lipid content and lower fibrous content. LDL/HDL and LogTG/HDL, but not TC/HDL, CRFs alone, nor 10-y./CVR were able to detect plaque composition.
- Fifth, the association between plaques’ geometry and composition was limited or non-existent.
4.2. Clinical Implications
4.3. Strengths and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
+LR: -LR | Positive and negative likelihood ratio: respectively |
AI | Atherogenic Index |
ANCOVA | Analysis of Covariance |
ASSIGN | Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), Cardiovascular Risk Score |
AUC | Area Under Curve or Area under ROC Curve |
BMI | Body Mass Index |
BNF | British National Formulary Cardiovascular Risk Score |
BP | Blood Pressure |
CCA | Common Carotid Artery |
CFA | Common Femoral Artery |
CHD | Coronary Heart Disease |
CRFs | Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
CUiiDARTE | Centro Universitario de Investigación, Innovación y Diagnóstico Arterial |
CV | Cardiovascular |
CVD | Cardiovascular Disease |
CVR | Cardiovascular risk |
FRS | Framingham Risk Score |
GSM | Grayscale Median |
HDL | High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol |
HR | Heart Rate |
HT | Arterial Hypertension |
IMT | Intima-media Thickness |
LDL | Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol |
LogRM | Logistic Regression Models |
MI | Myocardial Infarction |
PAI | Plasma Atherogenic Index |
pBP, cBP | Peripheral (Brachial) and Central (Aortic) Blood Pressure, respectively. |
pDBP, cDBP | Peripheral (Brachial) and Central (Aortic) Diastolic Blood Pressure, respectively. |
pMBP | Peripheral (Brachial) Mean Blood Pressure |
pPP, cPP | Peripheral (Brachial) and Central (Aortic) Pulse Pressure, respectively. |
pSBP, cSBP | Peripheral (Brachial) and Central (Aortic) Systolic Blood Pressure, respectively. |
R | Correlation Coefficient |
ROC | Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve |
SE | Sensibility |
SP | Specificity |
TC | Total Cholesterol |
TG | Triglycerides |
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Entire Group | Atherosclerotic Plaques | Non-Atherosclerotic Plaques | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MV ± SD | MV ± SD | MV ± SD | p | p* | |
n (% females) | 581 (47.0) | 144 (43.4) | 437 (48.1) | 0.867 | - |
Age (years) | 51.4 ± 12.4 | 61.4 ± 10.0 | 48 ± 11.1 | <0.001 | - |
Body weight (Kg) | 76.2 ± 15.6 | 77.4 ± 15.9 | 75.9 ± 15.4 | 0.316 | 0.599 |
Body height (m) | 1.68 ± 0.10 | 1.67 ± 0.10 | 1.68 ± 0.1 | 0.213 | 0.389 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 26.8 ± 4.5 | 27.5 ± 4.7 | 26.5 ± 4.4 | 0.032 | 0.354 |
Heart rate (b.p.m.) | 67.04 ± 10.30 | 65.08 ± 9.44 | 67.68 ± 10.49 | 0.009 | 0.580 |
pSBP (mmHg) | 125.78 ± 15.02 | 128.37 ± 14.68 | 124.92 ± 15.05 | 0.017 | 0.432 |
pDBP (mmHg) | 74.75 ± 9.52 | 75.51 ± 9.04 | 74.5 ± 9.66 | 0.272 | 0.440 |
pPP (mmHg) | 51.03 ± 10.78 | 52.86 ± 10.57 | 50.42 ± 10.8 | 0.018 | 0.694 |
cSBP (mmHg) | 112.11 ± 13.37 | 115.56 ± 12.99 | 110.96 ± 13.31 | <0.001 | 0.437 |
cDBP (mmHg) | 75.74 ± 9.50 | 76.45 ± 9.09 | 75.5 ± 9.64 | 0.296 | 0.372 |
cPP (mmHg) | 36.25 ± 8.87 | 38.86 ± 9.05 | 35.38 ± 8.65 | <0.001 | 0.735 |
Hypertension (%) | 14.5 | 18.6 | 12.2 | 0.083 | 0.265 |
Dyslipidemia (%) | 37.1 | 48.3 | 33.2 | 0.001 | 0.056 |
Diabetes (%) | 1.9 | 4.8 | 0.9 | 0.003 | 0.050 |
Obesity (%) | 19.1 | 23.4 | 17.6 | 0.122 | 0.464 |
Smoking (%) | 36.9 | 37.6 | 34.2 | 0.647 | 0.125 |
TC (mg/dL) | 213.88 ± 36.96 | 224.71 ± 39.97 | 210.78 ± 35.48 | 0.001 | 0.033 |
HDL (mg/dL) | 54.32 ± 13.04 | 55.63 ± 13.13 | 53.83 ± 13 | 0.255 | 0.256 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 138.34 ± 33.20 | 143.94 ± 31.87 | 136.53 ± 33.41 | 0.074 | 0.163 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 4.14 ± 1.11 | 4.16 ± 1.04 | 4.13 ± 1.13 | 0.850 | 0.136 |
LDL/HDL | 2.66 ± 0.92 | 2.69 ± 0.79 | 2.66 ± 0.96 | 0.790 | 0.299 |
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.28 ± 0.26 | 0.28 ± 0.27 | 0.28 ± 0.26 | 0.949 | 0.121 |
TG (mg/dL) | 114.00 ± 59.00 | 119.06 ± 76.50 | 112.61 ± 52.31 | 0.384 | 0.025 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 90.54 ± 12.17 | 93.77 ± 9.70 | 89.74 ± 12.59 | 0.014 | 0.814 |
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | 7.03 ± 5.63 | 9.79 ± 5.44 | 6.17 ± 5.41 | <0.001 | 0.573 |
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | 3.22 ± 3.70 | 4.17 ± 3.39 | 2.92 ± 3.74 | 0.006 | 0.162 |
10-y./FRS-Stroke (%) | 1.66 ± 2.01 | 2.67 ± 1.95 | 1.35 ± 1.93 | <0.001 | 0.015 |
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 10.42 ± 8.54 | 15.35 ± 7.77 | 8.88 ± 8.19 | <0.001 | 0.302 |
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 1.25 ± 2.01 | 2.23 ± 2.39 | 0.95 ± 1.77 | <0.001 | 0.333 |
10-y./FRS-CVDDEATH (%) | 2.06 ± 3.29 | 4.04 ± 4.02 | 1.45 ± 2.77 | <0.001 | 0.466 |
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 8.69 ± 7.10 | 12.46 ± 6.82 | 7.52 ± 6.78 | <0.001 | 0.252 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 10.23 ± 9.59 | 16.70 ± 10.79 | 8.17 ± 8.18 | <0.001 | 0.405 |
Presence (1) | Burden (2) | Burden (3) | Burden (4) | Correlation Comparison (William’s Test) | |||||||
(n = 581) | (n = 144) | (n = 144) | (n = 144) | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 4 | |||||
1: yes, 0: no | Nº of AP | Nº AP, 1 or >1 | Nº territories | ΔR | p | ΔR | p | ΔR | p | ||
Sex (1: female, 0: male) | R | −0.037 | 0.045 | 0.085 | 0.009 | −0.082 | 0.002 | −0.122 | <0.001 | −0.047 | 0.004 |
P | 0.370 | 0.596 | 0.314 | 0.911 | |||||||
Age (y.) | R | 0.481 | 0.234 | 0.287 | 0.201 | 0.247 | 0.000 | 0.194 | <0.001 | 0.280 | <0.001 |
P | <0.001 | 0.005 | <0.001 | 0.015 | |||||||
Weight (Kg) | R | 0.042 | 0.040 | −0.052 | 0.025 | 0.003 | 0.940 | 0.095 | <0.001 | 0.017 | 0.287 |
P | 0.314 | 0.639 | 0.539 | 0.768 | |||||||
Height (m) | R | −0.053 | −0.065 | −0.109 | −0.036 | 0.012 | 0.649 | 0.056 | <0.001 | −0.017 | 0.287 |
P | 0.208 | 0.447 | 0.198 | 0.674 | |||||||
BMI (Kg/m2) | R | 0.090 | 0.094 | 0.009 | 0.060 | −0.004 | 0.879 | 0.081 | <0.001 | 0.030 | 0.060 |
P | 0.031 | 0.268 | 0.912 | 0.476 | |||||||
Heart rate (b.p.m.) | R | −0.109 | −0.091 | −0.106 | −0.025 | −0.018 | 0.493 | −0.003 | 0.836 | −0.084 | <0.001 |
P | 0.009 | 0.282 | 0.210 | 0.765 | |||||||
pSBP (mmHg) | R | 0.099 | 0.142 | 0.099 | 0.105 | −0.043 | 0.100 | 0.000 | 1.000 | −0.006 | 0.706 |
P | 0.017 | 0.089 | 0.238 | 0.211 | |||||||
pDBP (mmHg) | R | 0.046 | 0.034 | −0.029 | 0.037 | 0.011 | 0.649 | 0.074 | <0.001 | 0.009 | 0.573 |
P | 0.272 | 0.684 | 0.732 | 0.661 | |||||||
pPP (mmHg) | R | 0.098 | 0.168 | 0.162 | 0.114 | −0.070 | 0.007 | −0.064 | <0.001 | −0.016 | 0.314 |
P | 0.018 | 0.044 | 0.052 | 0.173 | |||||||
cSBP (mmHg) | R | 0.149 | 0.138 | 0.097 | 0.112 | 0.011 | 0.673 | 0.052 | <0.001 | 0.037 | 0.019 |
P | <0.001 | 0.100 | 0.249 | 0.180 | |||||||
cDBP (mmHg) | R | 0.044 | 0.024 | −0.033 | 0.029 | 0.020 | 0.448 | 0.076 | <0.001 | 0.014 | 0.348 |
P | 0.296 | 0.776 | 0.698 | 0.728 | |||||||
cPP (mmHg) | R | 0.170 | 0.186 | 0.177 | 0.125 | −0.016 | 0.537 | −0.007 | 0.627 | 0.045 | 0.004 |
P | <0.001 | 0.025 | 0.034 | 0.135 | |||||||
Hypertension | R | 0.072 | 0.069 | 0.147 | 0.096 | 0.004 | 0.909 | −0.074 | <0.001 | −0.024 | 0.132 |
P | 0.083 | 0.414 | 0.080 | 0.252 | |||||||
Dyslipidemia | R | 0.137 | 0.052 | −0.025 | 0.034 | 0.085 | 0.001 | 0.162 | <0.001 | 0.103 | <0.001 |
P | 0.001 | 0.533 | 0.767 | 0.688 | |||||||
Diabetes | R | 0.125 | 0.202 | 0.137 | 0.057 | −0.077 | 0.003 | −0.012 | 0.408 | 0.068 | <0.001 |
P | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.101 | 0.500 | |||||||
Obesity | R | 0.066 | 0.015 | −0.095 | 0.013 | 0.050 | 0.053 | 0.161 | <0.001 | 0.053 | 0.001 |
P | 0.113 | 0.854 | 0.257 | 0.875 | |||||||
Smoking | R | 0.015 | 0.130 | 0.070 | 0.087 | −0.114 | <0.001 | −0.055 | 0.001 | −0.071 | <0.001 |
P | 0.715 | 0.121 | 0.402 | 0.301 | |||||||
TC (mg/dL) | R | 0.159 | −0.027 | 0.020 | 0.045 | 0.186 | <0.001 | 0.139 | <0.001 | 0.114 | <0.001 |
P | 0.001 | 0.800 | 0.847 | 0.671 | |||||||
Presence (1) | Burden (2) | Burden (3) | Burden (4) | Correlation comparison (William’s Test) | |||||||
(n = 581) | (n = 144) | (n = 144) | (n = 144) | 1 vs. 2 | 1 vs. 3 | 1 vs. 4 | |||||
1: yes, 0: no | Nº of AP | Nº AP, 1 or >1 | Nº territories | ΔR | p | ΔR | P | ΔR | P | ||
HDL (mg/dL) | R | 0.065 | −0.066 | 0.135 | 0.071 | 0.131 | <0.001 | −0.070 | <0.001 | −0.006 | 0.707 |
P | 0.219 | 0.535 | 0.206 | 0.507 | |||||||
LDL (mg/dL) | R | 0.098 | −0.093 | −0.067 | −0.039 | 0.190 | <0.001 | 0.165 | <0.001 | 0.137 | <0.001 |
P | 0.067 | 0.405 | 0.545 | 0.726 | |||||||
AI (TC/HDL) | R | 0.007 | 0.046 | −0.065 | −0.054 | −0.039 | 0.139 | 0.072 | <0.001 | 0.061 | <0.001 |
P | 0.892 | 0.667 | 0.546 | 0.616 | |||||||
LDL/HDL | R | 0.013 | 0.003 | −0.107 | −0.089 | 0.010 | 0.851 | 0.120 | <0.001 | 0.102 | <0.001 |
P | 0.809 | 0.977 | 0.335 | 0.425 | |||||||
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | R | −0.003 | 0.081 | −0.105 | −0.062 | −0.084 | 0.014 | 0.102 | <0.001 | 0.059 | <0.001 |
P | 0.949 | 0.468 | 0.343 | 0.580 | |||||||
TG (mg/dL) | R | 0.042 | −0.032 | −0.124 | −0.088 | 0.074 | 0.005 | 0.166 | <0.001 | 0.129 | <0.001 |
P | 0.437 | 0.772 | 0.266 | 0.431 | |||||||
Glycemia (mg/dL) | R | 0.132 | 0.109 | 0.109 | 0.273 | 0.023 | 0.379 | 0.023 | 0.113 | −0.141 | <0.001 |
P | 0.014 | 0.378 | 0.376 | 0.024 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | R | 0.274 | 0.177 | −0.020 | 0.211 | 0.097 | <0.001 | 0.294 | <0.001 | 0.063 | <0.001 |
P | <0.001 | 0.106 | 0.856 | 0.052 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | R | 0.144 | 0.164 | −0.039 | 0.181 | −0.020 | 0.442 | 0.183 | <0.001 | −0.037 | 0.019 |
P | 0.006 | 0.133 | 0.720 | 0.098 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-Stroke (%) | R | 0.280 | 0.256 | 0.135 | 0.296 | 0.024 | 0.192 | 0.145 | <0.001 | −0.016 | 0.295 |
P | <0.001 | 0.018 | 0.220 | 0.006 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | R | 0.323 | 0.254 | 0.065 | 0.290 | 0.069 | 0.006 | 0.258 | <0.001 | 0.033 | 0.029 |
P | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.552 | 0.007 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | R | 0.272 | 0.206 | 0.019 | 0.251 | 0.066 | 0.010 | 0.253 | <0.001 | 0.021 | 0.173 |
P | <0.001 | 0.059 | 0.865 | 0.021 | |||||||
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | R | 0.335 | 0.258 | 0.114 | 0.316 | 0.077 | 0.021 | 0.221 | <0.001 | 0.019 | 0.208 |
P | <0.001 | 0.017 | 0.299 | 0.003 | |||||||
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | R | 0.296 | 0.214 | 0.023 | 0.253 | 0.082 | 0.001 | 0.273 | <0.001 | 0.043 | 0.005 |
P | <0.001 | 0.049 | 0.838 | 0.019 | |||||||
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | R | 0.381 | 0.360 | 0.175 | 0.258 | 0.021 | 0.387 | 0.206 | <0.001 | 0.123 | <0.001 |
p | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.041 | 0.002 |
Surface Area (mm2) | Width (mm) | Height (mm) | Grayscale Median | Grayscale Mean | Heterogeneity % | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | p | R | P | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | |||
Sex (1: female, 0: male) | −0.146 | 0.044 | −0.175 | 0.016 | −0.185 | 0.009 | 0.034 | 0.643 | 0.050 | 0.500 | −0.088 | 0.227 | ||
Age (y.) | 0.250 | 0.001 | 0.153 | 0.035 | 0.177 | 0.012 | 0.076 | 0.296 | 0.110 | 0.136 | 0.075 | 0.304 | ||
Weight (Kg) | 0.125 | 0.090 | 0.087 | 0.241 | 0.093 | 0.195 | −0.100 | 0.17 | −0.092 | 0.218 | −0.087 | 0.236 | ||
Height (m) | 0.099 | 0.178 | 0.168 | 0.023 | 0.090 | 0.209 | −0.041 | 0.577 | −0.070 | 0.347 | −0.006 | 0.937 | ||
BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.070 | 0.344 | −0.030 | 0.681 | 0.043 | 0.552 | −0.081 | 0.271 | −0.053 | 0.481 | −0.087 | 0.237 | ||
Heart rate (b.p.m.) | −0.112 | 0.127 | −0.111 | 0.130 | −0.075 | 0.295 | 0.133 | 0.067 | 0.157 | 0.034 | 0.010 | 0.890 | ||
pSBP (mmHg) | 0.154 | 0.033 | 0.109 | 0.134 | 0.213 | 0.002 | 0.013 | 0.86 | 0.010 | 0.890 | 0.087 | 0.232 | ||
pDBP (mmHg) | 0.078 | 0.286 | 0.092 | 0.205 | 0.089 | 0.211 | 0.039 | 0.589 | 0.012 | 0.867 | 0.042 | 0.560 | ||
pPP (mmHg) | 0.145 | 0.046 | 0.075 | 0.306 | 0.214 | 0.002 | −0.012 | 0.864 | 0.004 | 0.953 | 0.083 | 0.256 | ||
cSBP (mmHg) | 0.182 | 0.012 | 0.133 | 0.067 | 0.225 | 0.001 | −0.037 | 0.612 | −0.055 | 0.460 | 0.062 | 0.394 | ||
cDBP (mmHg) | 0.077 | 0.292 | 0.070 | 0.338 | 0.108 | 0.129 | 0.065 | 0.368 | 0.054 | 0.468 | 0.067 | 0.356 | ||
cPP (mmHg) | 0.173 | 0.017 | 0.107 | 0.142 | 0.204 | 0.004 | −0.099 | 0.171 | −0.113 | 0.126 | 0.020 | 0.787 | ||
Hypertension | 0.043 | 0.559 | 0.035 | 0.635 | 0.008 | 0.915 | −0.070 | 0.334 | −0.056 | 0.448 | −0.018 | 0.809 | ||
Dyslipidemia | 0.052 | 0.476 | 0.073 | 0.318 | 0.056 | 0.429 | −0.096 | 0.182 | −0.148 | 0.045 | −0.132 | 0.068 | ||
Diabetes | 0.063 | 0.384 | 0.064 | 0.379 | −0.014 | 0.846 | −0.105 | 0.148 | −0.105 | 0.154 | −0.143 | 0.048 | ||
Obesity | −0.017 | 0.819 | −0.054 | 0.468 | 0.005 | 0.947 | −0.097 | 0.186 | −0.066 | 0.379 | −0.117 | 0.111 | ||
Smoking | −0.063 | 0.388 | −0.005 | 0.947 | −0.255 | <0.001 | −0.007 | 0.926 | −0.013 | 0.859 | −0.178 | 0.014 | ||
TC (mg/dL) | 0.033 | 0.734 | −0.025 | 0.798 | −0.110 | 0.240 | −0.057 | 0.548 | −0.049 | 0.607 | −0.197 | 0.038 | ||
HDL (mg/dL) | −0.131 | 0.180 | −0.169 | 0.082 | −0.200 | 0.034 | 0.145 | 0.131 | 0.169 | 0.081 | −0.065 | 0.503 | ||
LDL (mg/dL) | 0.065 | 0.524 | 0.015 | 0.884 | −0.040 | 0.688 | −0.126 | 0.215 | −0.152 | 0.137 | −0.222 | 0.029 | ||
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.202 | 0.038 | 0.219 | 0.024 | 0.135 | 0.156 | −0.225 | 0.019 | −0.235 | 0.015 | −0.108 | 0.270 | ||
LDL/HDL | 0.234 | 0.021 | 0.234 | 0.021 | 0.156 | 0.117 | −0.232 | 0.021 | −0.281 | 0.005 | −0.123 | 0.229 | ||
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.122 | 0.232 | 0.199 | 0.049 | 0.051 | 0.610 | −0.196 | 0.049 | −0.197 | 0.050 | −0.149 | 0.141 | ||
Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 0.036 | 0.727 | 0.078 | 0.444 | −0.070 | 0.478 | −0.062 | 0.539 | −0.081 | 0.422 | −0.185 | 0.067 | ||
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 0.165 | 0.243 | 0.228 | 0.103 | 0.135 | 0.326 | −0.053 | 0.705 | −0.106 | 0.454 | −0.133 | 0.345 | ||
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | 0.426 | <0.001 | 0.36 | <0.001 | 0.44 | <0.001 | −0.142 | 0.14 | −0.132 | 0.175 | 0.042 | 0.666 | ||
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | 0.413 | <0.001 | 0.357 | <0.001 | 0.421 | <0.001 | −0.147 | 0.127 | −0.144 | 0.140 | 0.023 | 0.816 | ||
10-y./FRS-Stroke(%) | 0.377 | <0.001 | 0.302 | 0.002 | 0.391 | <0.001 | −0.021 | 0.827 | 0.001 | 0.989 | 0.118 | 0.225 | ||
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 0.433 | <0.001 | 0.357 | <0.001 | 0.444 | <0.001 | −0.089 | 0.358 | −0.071 | 0.466 | 0.083 | 0.393 | ||
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 0.447 | <0.001 | 0.365 | <0.001 | 0.441 | <0.001 | −0.125 | 0.197 | −0.116 | 0.236 | 0.047 | 0.631 | ||
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | 0.442 | <0.001 | 0.336 | <0.001 | 0.424 | <0.001 | −0.052 | 0.591 | −0.033 | 0.733 | 0.087 | 0.370 | ||
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 0.441 | <0.001 | 0.368 | <0.001 | 0.457 | <0.001 | −0.120 | 0.215 | −0.106 | 0.278 | 0.065 | 0.505 | ||
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.31 | <0.001 | 0.198 | 0.007 | 0.150 | 0.038 | −0.101 | 0.166 | −0.095 | 0.205 | −0.076 | 0.299 | ||
Lipidic (%) | Fibrolipidic (%) | Fibrous (%) | Grayscale mean, 1 mm | Lipidic, 1 mm (%) | Fibrolipidic, 1 mm (%) | Fibrous, 1 mm (%) | ||||||||
R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | P | R | p | |
Sex | −0.027 | 0.715 | 0.044 | 0.547 | 0.008 | 0.911 | 0.007 | 0.925 | −0.020 | 0.789 | 0.046 | 0.528 | −0.013 | 0.862 |
Age (y.) | −0.083 | 0.254 | −0.041 | 0.575 | 0.090 | 0.216 | 0.068 | 0.353 | −0.094 | 0.199 | −0.028 | 0.703 | 0.076 | 0.297 |
Weight (Kg) | 0.069 | 0.350 | 0.107 | 0.148 | −0.109 | 0.141 | −0.074 | 0.323 | 0.051 | 0.494 | 0.093 | 0.211 | −0.088 | 0.234 |
Height (m) | −0.035 | 0.641 | 0.074 | 0.317 | −0.018 | 0.812 | −0.058 | 0.433 | −0.009 | 0.909 | 0.094 | 0.207 | −0.041 | 0.578 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.107 | 0.148 | 0.058 | 0.434 | −0.107 | 0.147 | −0.033 | 0.654 | 0.064 | 0.392 | 0.026 | 0.725 | −0.062 | 0.402 |
HR (b.p.m.) | −0.139 | 0.058 | −0.071 | 0.332 | 0.157 | 0.031 | 0.166 | 0.024 | −0.183 | 0.013 | −0.041 | 0.578 | 0.148 | 0.044 |
pSBP (mmHg) | 0.053 | 0.472 | −0.119 | 0.102 | 0.019 | 0.799 | 0.023 | 0.759 | 0.032 | 0.663 | −0.130 | 0.076 | 0.013 | 0.860 |
pDBP (mmHg) | −0.040 | 0.584 | −0.048 | 0.508 | 0.062 | 0.396 | 0.064 | 0.387 | −0.072 | 0.327 | −0.040 | 0.582 | 0.050 | 0.492 |
pPP (mmHg) | 0.099 | 0.174 | −0.120 | 0.099 | −0.022 | 0.766 | −0.017 | 0.813 | 0.096 | 0.19 | −0.140 | 0.055 | −0.021 | 0.776 |
cSBP (mmHg) | 0.095 | 0.195 | −0.084 | 0.252 | −0.036 | 0.623 | −0.023 | 0.756 | 0.071 | 0.333 | −0.105 | 0.151 | −0.041 | 0.576 |
cDBP (mmHg) | −0.061 | 0.404 | −0.067 | 0.355 | 0.089 | 0.221 | 0.098 | 0.185 | −0.092 | 0.210 | −0.052 | 0.481 | 0.073 | 0.319 |
cPP (mmHg) | 0.178 | 0.014 | −0.061 | 0.403 | −0.120 | 0.100 | −0.106 | 0.152 | 0.173 | 0.018 | −0.095 | 0.196 | −0.116 | 0.112 |
Hypertension | 0.049 | 0.505 | 0.033 | 0.653 | −0.055 | 0.449 | −0.072 | 0.330 | 0.039 | 0.595 | 0.057 | 0.438 | −0.076 | 0.298 |
Dyslipidemia | 0.068 | 0.353 | 0.084 | 0.250 | −0.104 | 0.151 | −0.127 | 0.085 | 0.095 | 0.198 | 0.055 | 0.452 | −0.095 | 0.196 |
Diabetes | 0.057 | 0.437 | 0.135 | 0.063 | −0.114 | 0.119 | −0.129 | 0.079 | 0.071 | 0.333 | 0.121 | 0.097 | −0.129 | 0.079 |
Obesity | 0.063 | 0.395 | 0.131 | 0.076 | −0.105 | 0.156 | −0.054 | 0.468 | 0.018 | 0.810 | 0.137 | 0.065 | −0.082 | 0.268 |
Smoking | −0.028 | 0.707 | 0.112 | 0.125 | −0.035 | 0.635 | −0.048 | 0.517 | 0.014 | 0.845 | 0.109 | 0.136 | −0.041 | 0.575 |
TC (mg/dL) | 0.002 | 0.987 | 0.146 | 0.129 | −0.069 | 0.474 | −0.029 | 0.764 | −0.038 | 0.698 | 0.134 | 0.165 | −0.031 | 0.750 |
HDL (mg/dL) | −0.226 | 0.019 | 0.118 | 0.225 | 0.137 | 0.159 | 0.165 | 0.092 | −0.253 | 0.009 | 0.167 | 0.087 | 0.136 | 0.165 |
LDL (mg/dL) | 0.093 | 0.365 | 0.141 | 0.168 | −0.148 | 0.148 | −0.116 | 0.265 | 0.065 | 0.530 | 0.124 | 0.228 | −0.106 | 0.302 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.249 | 0.010 | −0.005 | 0.955 | −0.211 | 0.030 | −0.227 | 0.021 | 0.252 | 0.010 | −0.065 | 0.508 | −0.186 | 0.057 |
LDL/HDL | 0.291 | 0.004 | −0.045 | 0.661 | −0.230 | 0.024 | −0.250 | 0.014 | 0.305 | 0.003 | −0.098 | 0.340 | −0.205 | 0.045 |
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.234 | 0.020 | 0.017 | 0.870 | −0.213 | 0.036 | −0.218 | 0.033 | 0.228 | 0.024 | −0.044 | 0.667 | −0.201 | 0.048 |
TG (mg/dL) | 0.115 | 0.258 | 0.026 | 0.803 | −0.113 | 0.266 | −0.095 | 0.356 | 0.090 | 0.378 | −0.016 | 0.879 | −0.098 | 0.338 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 0.142 | 0.314 | −0.095 | 0.504 | −0.079 | 0.580 | −0.079 | 0.581 | 0.005 | 0.971 | −0.067 | 0.640 | −0.069 | 0.629 |
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | 0.211 | 0.030 | −0.135 | 0.168 | −0.116 | 0.238 | −0.141 | 0.153 | 0.160 | 0.102 | −0.184 | 0.060 | −0.085 | 0.391 |
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | 0.224 | 0.021 | −0.139 | 0.155 | −0.126 | 0.200 | −0.157 | 0.110 | 0.179 | 0.067 | −0.188 | 0.055 | −0.100 | 0.309 |
10-y./FRS-Stroke ( %) | 0.031 | 0.753 | −0.085 | 0.384 | 0.0130 | 0.896 | −0.014 | 0.889 | −0.012 | 0.901 | −0.098 | 0.320 | 0.023 | 0.816 |
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 0.142 | 0.148 | −0.130 | 0.183 | −0.059 | 0.548 | −0.080 | 0.420 | 0.078 | 0.428 | −0.166 | 0.090 | −0.030 | 0.765 |
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 0.192 | 0.049 | −0.159 | 0.104 | −0.089 | 0.364 | −0.116 | 0.240 | 0.14 | 0.154 | −0.203 | 0.038 | −0.057 | 0.561 |
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | 0.103 | 0.292 | −0.159 | 0.104 | −0.015 | 0.883 | −0.028 | 0.776 | 0.042 | 0.667 | −0.192 | 0.050 | 0.024 | 0.805 |
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 0.177 | 0.070 | −0.131 | 0.182 | −0.089 | 0.364 | −0.116 | 0.240 | 0.125 | 0.205 | −0.173 | 0.078 | −0.061 | 0.534 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.156 | 0.034 | −0.032 | 0.664 | −0.112 | 0.128 | −0.136 | 0.067 | 0.158 | 0.033 | −0.075 | 0.315 | −0.118 | 0.11 |
AUC | AUC 95% CI | AUC p | Youden Index (J) | Associated Criterion | SE | SP | +LR | -LR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Presence of atherosclerotic plaques (1: yes, 0: no) (n = 581) | |||||||||
Age (y.) | 0.82 | 0.78–0.85 | <0.001 | 0.519 | >54.9 | 77.78 | 74.14 | 3.01 | 0.30 |
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | 0.81 | 0.76–0.84 | <0.001 | 0.474 | >0.91 | 81.18 | 64.47 | 2.28 | 0.29 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.80 | 0.76–0.83 | <0.001 | 0.4656 | >9.60 | 71.32 | 75.23 | 2.88 | 0.38 |
10-y./FRS-Stroke (%) | 0.79 | 0.74–0.83 | <0.001 | 0.4858 | >1.24 | 81.18 | 67.40 | 2.49 | 0.28 |
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 0.79 | 0.73–0.82 | <0.001 | 0.489 | >0.57 | 81.18 | 67.77 | 2.52 | 0.28 |
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 0.78 | 0.73–0.82 | <0.001 | 0.4802 | >7.81 | 89.41 | 58.61 | 2.16 | 0.18 |
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 0.76 | 0.71–0.80 | <0.001 | 0.4582 | >6.45 | 89.41 | 56.41 | 2.05 | 0.19 |
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | 0.74 | 0.69–0.78 | <0.001 | 0.4362 | >5.15 | 89.41 | 54.21 | 1.95 | 0.20 |
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | 0.69 | 0.63–0.73 | <0.001 | 0.3369 | >1.86 | 77.65 | 56.04 | 1.77 | 0.40 |
cPP (mmHg) | 0.63 | 0.58–0.66 | <0.001 | 0.211 | >35 | 62.50 | 58.60 | 1.51 | 0.64 |
TC (mg/dL) | 0.62 | 0.57–0.66 | <0.001 | 0.236 | >216 | 61.29 | 62.35 | 1.63 | 0.62 |
cSBP (mmHg) | 0.62 | 0.57–0.65 | <0.001 | 0.208 | >105 | 82.64 | 38.14 | 1.34 | 0.46 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 0.61 | 0.55–0.65 | 0.005 | 0.196 | >87 | 79.41 | 40.22 | 1.33 | 0.51 |
pPP (mmHg) | 0.58 | 0.53–0.62 | 0.003 | 0.171 | >45 | 78.47 | 38.67 | 1.28 | 0.56 |
pSBP (mmHg) | 0.58 | 0.53–0.61 | 0.005 | 0.145 | >128 | 47.22 | 67.28 | 1.44 | 0.78 |
HR (b.p.m.) | 0.57 | 0.52–0.60 | 0.015 | 0.109 | <63 | 47.55 | 63.39 | 1.30 | 0.83 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 0.56 | 0.51–0.59 | 0.040 | 0.129 | >25.80 | 63.83 | 49.06 | 1.25 | 0.74 |
Atherosclerotic burden (Nº of plaques, 1 or >1) (n = 144) | |||||||||
Age (y.). | 0.66 | 0.58–0.74 | <0.001 | 0.319 | >58.18 | 85.00 | 46.88 | 1.60 | 0.32 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.61 | 0.52–0.69 | 0.026 | 0.205 | >9.30 | 80.82 | 39.68 | 1.34 | 0.48 |
cPP (mmHg) | 0.58 | 0.49–0.66 | 0.080 | 0.159 | >34 | 73.75 | 42.19 | 1.28 | 0.62 |
Atherosclerotic burden (Nº of arterial territories, 1 or >1) (n = 144) | |||||||||
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | 0.70 | 0.58–0.79 | 0.004 | 0.336 | >5.23 | 52.38 | 81.25 | 2.79 | 0.59 |
10-y./FRS-Stroke (%) | 0.70 | 0.58–0.79 | 0.004 | 0.354 | >2.33 | 66.67 | 68.75 | 2.13 | 0.48 |
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 0.69 | 0.58–0.78 | 0.003 | 0.355 | >14.88 | 71.43 | 64.06 | 1.99 | 0.45 |
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 0.67 | 0.555–0.765 | 0.011 | 0.250 | >7.148 | 100.00 | 25.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 |
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 0.66 | 0.547–0.757 | 0.023 | 0.257 | >2.362 | 47.62 | 78.12 | 2.18 | 0.67 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 0.65 | 0.528–0.765 | 0.065 | 0.331 | >95 | 61.11 | 72.00 | 2.18 | 0.54 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.64 | 0.55–0.71 | 0.009 | 0.243 | >8.31 | 92.68 | 31.58 | 1.35 | 0.23 |
Age (y.) | 0.63 | 0.54–0.71 | 0.006 | 0.305 | >61.94 | 68.89 | 61.62 | 1.79 | 0.50 |
AUC | AUC 95% CI | AUC p | Youden Index(J) | Associated Criterion | SE | SP | +LR | -LR | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface area (mm2) (<p75th or ≥p75th) (n = 206) | |||||||||
10-y./FRS-Stroke (%) | 0.73 | 0.63–0.81 | <0.001 | 0.386 | >3.302 | 64.29 | 74.36 | 2.51 | 0.48 |
10-y./FRS-CVD DEATH (%) | 0.72 | 0.62–0.80 | <0.001 | 0.321 | >5.960 | 50.00 | 82.05 | 2.79 | 0.61 |
10-y./FRS-CVD (%) | 0.71 | 0.61–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.370 | >13.231 | 85.71 | 51.28 | 1.76 | 0.28 |
10-y./FRS-CHD DEATH (%) | 0.71 | 0.61–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.365 | >0.988 | 92.86 | 43.59 | 1.65 | 0.16 |
10-y./BNF Risk Score (%) | 0.71 | 0.61–0.79 | <0.001 | 0.370 | >10.310 | 85.71 | 51.28 | 1.76 | 0.28 |
Age (y.) | 0.69 | 0.62–0.75 | <0.001 | 0.349 | >63.705 | 75.00 | 59.86 | 1.87 | 0.42 |
10-y./ASSIGN Risk Score (%) | 0.68 | 0.60–0.74 | <0.001 | 0.292 | >9.750 | 93.48 | 35.71 | 1.45 | 0.18 |
10-y./FRS-CHD (%) | 0.67 | 0.57–0.75 | 0.006 | 0.283 | >7.141 | 82.14 | 46.15 | 1.53 | 0.39 |
cPP (mmHg) | 0.66 | 0.58–0.72 | <0.001 | 0.328 | >39 | 72.92 | 59.86 | 1.82 | 0.45 |
10-y./FRS-MI (%) | 0.65 | 0.54–0.73 | 0.021 | 0.242 | >8.293 | 35.71 | 88.46 | 3.10 | 0.73 |
pPP (mmHg) | 0.63 | 0.56–0.70 | 0.003 | 0.213 | >62 | 39.58 | 81.69 | 2.16 | 0.74 |
cSBP (mmHg) | 0.62 | 0.54–0.68 | 0.016 | 0.211 | >122 | 52.08 | 69.01 | 1.68 | 0.69 |
pSBP (mmHg) | 0.59 | 0.51–0.660 | 0.060 | 0.172 | >144 | 31.25 | 85.92 | 2.22 | 0.80 |
LDL/HDL | 0.56 | 0.45–0.65 | 0.442 | 0.194 | >2.970 | 46.15 | 73.24 | 1.72 | 0.74 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.55 | 0.45–0.65 | 0.413 | 0.200 | >3.936 | 75.86 | 44.16 | 1.36 | 0.55 |
Plaque composition (0: fibrous, 1: lipidic + fibrolipidic) (n = 206) | |||||||||
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.58 | 0.50–0.65 | 0.067 | 0.207 | >0.301 | 53.03 | 67.68 | 1.64 | 0.69 |
LDL/HDL | 0.55 | 0.47–0.62 | 0.275 | 0.146 | >2.590 | 54.55 | 60.00 | 1.36 | 0.76 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.53 | 0.44–0.60 | 0.584 | 0.102 | >4.300 | 39.13 | 71.03 | 1.35 | 0.86 |
Plaque composition (GSM ≤105 or >105) (n = 206) | |||||||||
LDL/HDL | 0.61 | 0.51–0.70 | 0.044 | 0.244 | >2.461 | 72.41 | 52.00 | 1.51 | 0.53 |
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.61 | 0.50–0.71 | 0.052 | 0.220 | >0.135 | 87.27 | 34.78 | 1.34 | 0.37 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.58 | 0.47- 0.67 | 0.177 | 0.186 | >3.432 | 90.00 | 28.57 | 1.26 | 0.35 |
Plaque composition (Media grayscale ≤110 or >110) (n = 206) | |||||||||
LDL/HDL | 0.61 | 0.51–071 | 0.040 | 0.252 | >2.462 | 73.21 | 52.00 | 1.53 | 0.52 |
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.60 | 0.50–0.69 | 0.085 | 0.218 | >0.135 | 87.04 | 34.78 | 1.33 | 0.37 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.56 | 0.48- 0.67 | 0.182 | 0.200 | >3.433 | 91.38 | 28.57 | 1.28 | 0.3 |
Plaque composition (Media grayscale 1mm ≤110 or >110) (n =206) | |||||||||
PAI (LogTG/HDL) | 0.64 | 0.53–0.73 | 0.016 | 0.237 | >0.216 | 67.92 | 55.81 | 1.54 | 0.57 |
LDL/HDL | 0.63 | 0.53–0.72 | 0.018 | 0.224 | >2.461 | 71.43 | 51.06 | 1.46 | 0.56 |
AI (TC/HDL) | 0.58 | 0.48–0.67 | 0.142 | 0.182 | >4.3 | 46.55 | 71.74 | 1.65 | 0.75 |
Surface Area (mm2) | Width (mm) | Height (mm) | GS Median (GSM) | GS Mean | Heterog. (%) | Lipidic (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | |
Area (mm2) | 1.00 | 0.84 | <0.001 | 0.66 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.649 | −0.01 | 0.869 | 0.01 | 0.877 | 0.04 | 0.546 | |
Width (mm) | 0.84 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.37 | <0.001 | −0.14 | 0.060 | −0.13 | 0.085 | −0.17 | 0.023 | 0.10 | 0.184 | |
Height (mm) | 0.66 | <0.001 | 0.37 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.03 | 0.707 | 0.05 | 0.481 | 0.27 | <0.001 | 0.03 | 0.687 | |
GS median | −0.03 | 0.649 | −0.14 | 0.060 | 0.03 | 0.707 | 1.00 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 | −0.85 | <0.001 | |
GS mean | −0.01 | 0.869 | −0.13 | 0.085 | 0.05 | 0.481 | 0.98 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.56 | <0.001 | −0.88 | <0.001 | |
Heterog. (%) | 0.01 | 0.877 | −0.17 | 0.023 | 0.27 | <0.001 | 0.46 | <0.001 | 0.56 | <0.001 | 1.00 | −0.40 | <0.001 | |
Lipidic (%) | 0.04 | 0.546 | 0.10 | 0.184 | 0.03 | 0.687 | −0.85 | <0.001 | −0.88 | <0.001 | −0.40 | <0.001 | 1.00 | |
Fib-Lip. (%) | −0.09 | 0.215 | 0.02 | 0.768 | −0.19 | 0.008 | −0.50 | <0.001 | −0.45 | <0.001 | −0.45 | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.374 |
Fibrous (%) | 0.00 | 0.973 | −0.10 | 0.165 | 0.06 | 0.412 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.55 | <0.001 | −0.88 | <0.001 |
GS mean 1mm | −0.04 | 0.616 | −0.18 | 0.013 | 0.08 | 0.264 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.96 | <0.001 | 0.57 | <0.001 | −0.85 | <0.001 |
Lipidic 1mm (%) | 0.04 | 0.565 | 0.11 | 0.144 | 0.01 | 0.905 | −0.78 | <0.001 | −0.81 | <0.001 | −0.39 | <0.001 | 0.92 | <0.001 |
Fib-Lip. 1mm (%) | −0.07 | 0.347 | 0.06 | 0.423 | −0.18 | 0.013 | −0.41 | <0.001 | −0.37 | <0.001 | −0.46 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.676 |
Fibrous 1mm (%) | −0.03 | 0.660 | −0.15 | 0.036 | 0.06 | 0.447 | 0.92 | <0.001 | 0.94 | <0.001 | 0.59 | <0.001 | −0.83 | <0.001 |
Fibrolipidic (%) | Fibrous (%) | GS mean 1 mm | Lipidic 1 mm (%) | Fibrolipidic 1 mm (%) | Fibrous 1 mm (%) | |||||||||
R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | R | p | |||
Area (mm2) | −0.09 | 0.215 | 0.00 | 0.973 | −0.04 | 0.616 | 0.04 | 0.565 | −0.07 | 0.347 | −0.03 | 0.660 | ||
Width (mm) | 0.02 | 0.768 | −0.10 | 0.165 | −0.18 | 0.013 | 0.11 | 0.144 | 0.06 | 0.423 | −0.15 | 0.036 | ||
Height (mm) | −0.19 | 0.008 | 0.06 | 0.412 | 0.08 | 0.264 | 0.01 | 0.905 | −0.18 | 0.013 | 0.06 | 0.447 | ||
GS median | −0.50 | <0.001 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.95 | <0.001 | −0.78 | <0.001 | −0.41 | <0.001 | 0.92 | <0.001 | ||
GS mean | −0.45 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | 0.96 | <0.001 | −0.81 | <0.001 | −0.37 | <0.001 | 0.94 | <0.001 | ||
Heterog, (%) | −0.45 | <0.001 | 0.55 | <0.001 | 0.57 | <0.001 | −0.39 | <0.001 | −0.46 | <0.001 | 0.59 | <0.001 | ||
Lipidic (%) | 0.07 | 0.374 | −0.88 | <0.001 | −0.85 | <0.001 | 0.92 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.676 | −0.83 | <0.001 | ||
Fib-Lip. (%) | 1.00 | −0.54 | <0.001 | −0.47 | <0.001 | 0.05 | 0.531 | 0.93 | <0.001 | −0.53 | <0.001 | |||
Fibrous (%) | −0.54 | <0.001 | 1.00 | 0.94 | <0.001 | −0.80 | <0.001 | −0.43 | <0.001 | 0.95 | <0.001 | |||
GS mean 1mm | −0.47 | <0.001 | 0.94 | <0.001 | 1.00 | −0.83 | <0.001 | −0.43 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | |||
Lipidic 1mm (%) | 0.05 | 0.531 | −0.80 | <0.001 | −0.83 | <0.001 | 1.00 | −0.03 | 0.729 | −0.82 | <0.001 | |||
Fib-Lip. 1mm (%) | 0.93 | <0.001 | −0.43 | <0.001 | −0.43 | <0.001 | −0.03 | 0.729 | 1.00 | −0.49 | <0.001 | |||
Fibrous 1mm (%) | −0.53 | <0.001 | 0.95 | <0.001 | 0.97 | <0.001 | −0.82 | <0.001 | −0.49 | <0.001 | 1.00 |
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Marin, M.; Bia, D.; Zócalo, Y. Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry. J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2020, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7010011
Marin M, Bia D, Zócalo Y. Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease. 2020; 7(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7010011
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarin, Mariana, Daniel Bia, and Yanina Zócalo. 2020. "Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry" Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 7, no. 1: 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7010011
APA StyleMarin, M., Bia, D., & Zócalo, Y. (2020). Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry. Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease, 7(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd7010011