Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine–Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of Gels with Methylene Blue
2.2. Physico-Chemical Analysis of Gel Formation
2.3. Anticancer Activity
3. Conclusions
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Materials
4.2. Synthetic Protocol of Gel Preparation with Methylene Blue
4.3. Viscosimetry
4.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
4.5. UV Spectroscopy
4.6. Dynamic Light Scattering
4.7. Electrophoretic Light Scattering
4.8. Cells and Culture
4.9. Cell Photodynamic Treatment
4.10. Cytotoxicity Evaluation (MTT Test)
4.11. ROS Detection by 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein Diacetate (H2DCFDA)
4.12. The Cell Cycle Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | CSS Concentration, µM | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | 40 | 60 | 80 | 150 | 300 | |
0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.27 | 0.5 | 1 |
9 | 0.24 | 0.49 | 0.96 | 1.29 | 2.38 | 4.76 |
11 | 0.5 | 1 | 2 | 2.7 | 5 | 10 |
15 | 2.4 | 4.9 | 9.6 | 12.9 | 23.8 | 47.6 |
17 | 5 | 10 | 20 | 27 | 50 | 100 |
Sample | SubG0–G1, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | G0–G1, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | S, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | G2-M, % No Irradiation/Irradiation |
---|---|---|---|---|
0—no MB | 17/11 | 68/68 | 4/6 | 11/15 |
5 | 4/3 | 81/74 | 5/9 | 10/14 |
9 | 4/2 | 73/74 | 9/7 | 14/17 |
11 | 4/2 | 76/76 | 8/6 | 12/16 |
15 | 8/3 | 78/77 | 4/6 | 10/14 |
17 | 8/3 | 81/77 | 4/6 | 7/14 |
Sample | SubG0–G1, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | G0–G1, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | S, % No Irradiation/Irradiation | G2-M, % No Irradiation/Irradiation |
---|---|---|---|---|
0—no MB | 86/8 | 13/70 | 0.5/5 | 0.5/17 |
5 | 4/4 | 61 | 16/6 | 19/18 |
9 | 4/4 | 56/67 | 22/9 | 18/20 |
11 | 18/8 | 56/57 | 11/12 | 15/23 |
15 | 55/35 | 43/43 | 1/8 | 1/14 |
17 | 40/10 | 55/68 | 2/8 | 3/14 |
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Vishnevetskii, D.V.; Metlin, F.A.; Andrianova, Y.V.; Polyakova, E.E.; Ivanova, A.I.; Averkin, D.V.; Mekhtiev, A.R. Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine–Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Gels 2024, 10, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090577
Vishnevetskii DV, Metlin FA, Andrianova YV, Polyakova EE, Ivanova AI, Averkin DV, Mekhtiev AR. Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine–Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Gels. 2024; 10(9):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090577
Chicago/Turabian StyleVishnevetskii, Dmitry V., Fedor A. Metlin, Yana V. Andrianova, Elizaveta E. Polyakova, Alexandra I. Ivanova, Dmitry V. Averkin, and Arif R. Mekhtiev. 2024. "Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine–Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy" Gels 10, no. 9: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels10090577