Photocrosslinked Dextran-Based Hydrogels as Carrier System for the Cells and Cytokines Induce Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Defects in Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- The material aspect—the choice of classical implant materials like steel or titanium versus new materials like polymers or composites.
- The best molecular cue to induce vascularization, as well as bone growth.
- Loading or immobilization of cytokines or growth factors in the material versus prevascularization of the implant by cell-based tissue engineering.
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis of Dextran-Based Hydrogels and Immobilization of Growth Factor
2.2. Endotoxin Assay
2.3. Calvarial Critical Size Defect (CSD) Model in Mouse
2.4. Bone Volume/Total Volume
2.5. Histology
3. Conclusions
4. Experimental
4.1. Synthesis of Dextran-Based Hydrogels
4.2. Endotoxin Testing
4.3. Immobilization of SDF-1 or BMP-7
4.4. Cell Seeding
4.5. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)
4.6. Mono- and Co-Culture on Dextran Hydrogels
4.7. Animal Model
4.8. Hydrogel Implantation
4.9. Radiographic Analysis
4.10. Histological Analysis
4.11. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample for Endotoxin Testing | Endotoxin Concentration (EU/mL) |
---|---|
Dextran-based hydrogel “non-optimized procedure” | 2.62 |
H2O before filter exchange | 0.71 |
H2O after filter exchange | 0.37 |
Dextran-based hydrogel after filter exchange and usage of newly purchased chemicals with optimized handling procedure | 0.45 |
Group Name | Number Mice/Defects |
---|---|
Control—pure dextran-based hydrogels | 8/16 |
HUVEC—dextran-based hydrogels with HUVEC monoculture | 8/16 |
Co-culture—dextran-based hydrogels with co-culture of HUVEC and hOB | 7/14 |
SDF-1—dextran-based hydrogels with immobilized SDF-1 | 8/16 |
BMP-7—dextran-based hydrogels with immobilized BMP-7 | 8/16 |
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Ritz, U.; Eberhardt, M.; Klein, A.; Frank, P.; Götz, H.; Hofmann, A.; Rommens, P.M.; Jonas, U. Photocrosslinked Dextran-Based Hydrogels as Carrier System for the Cells and Cytokines Induce Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Defects in Mice. Gels 2018, 4, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4030063
Ritz U, Eberhardt M, Klein A, Frank P, Götz H, Hofmann A, Rommens PM, Jonas U. Photocrosslinked Dextran-Based Hydrogels as Carrier System for the Cells and Cytokines Induce Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Defects in Mice. Gels. 2018; 4(3):63. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4030063
Chicago/Turabian StyleRitz, Ulrike, Marc Eberhardt, Anja Klein, Petra Frank, Hermann Götz, Alexander Hofmann, Pol Maria Rommens, and Ulrich Jonas. 2018. "Photocrosslinked Dextran-Based Hydrogels as Carrier System for the Cells and Cytokines Induce Bone Regeneration in Critical Size Defects in Mice" Gels 4, no. 3: 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels4030063