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Review

Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology

by
Gobi Saravanan Kaliaraj
1,*,
Dilip Kumar Shanmugam
1,
Arish Dasan
2 and
Kamalan Kirubaharan Amirtharaj Mosas
2,*
1
Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600 119, India
2
FunGlass—Centre for Functional and Surface Functionalised Glass, Alexander Dubcek University of Trencin, 91150 Trencin, Slovakia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2023, 9(3), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260
Submission received: 24 February 2023 / Revised: 15 March 2023 / Accepted: 20 March 2023 / Published: 22 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 3D Printing of Gel-Based Materials)

Abstract

Hydrogels are a promising material for a variety of applications after appropriate functional and structural design, which alters the physicochemical properties and cell signaling pathways of the hydrogels. Over the past few decades, considerable scientific research has made breakthroughs in a variety of applications such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, agriculture, biosensors, bioseparation, defense, and cosmetics. In the present review, different classifications of hydrogels and their limitations have been discussed. In addition, techniques involved in improving the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of hydrogels by admixing various organic and inorganic materials are explored. Future 3D printing technology will substantially advance the ability to pattern molecules, cells, and organs. With significant potential for producing living tissue structures or organs, hydrogels can successfully print mammalian cells and retain their functionalities. Furthermore, recent advances in functional hydrogels such as photo- and pH-responsive hydrogels and drug-delivery hydrogels are discussed in detail for biomedical applications.
Keywords: polymer hydrogels; wound dressing; regenerative medicine; pH-sensitive hydrogel; thermo-sensitive hydrogel polymer hydrogels; wound dressing; regenerative medicine; pH-sensitive hydrogel; thermo-sensitive hydrogel

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kaliaraj, G.S.; Shanmugam, D.K.; Dasan, A.; Mosas, K.K.A. Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology. Gels 2023, 9, 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260

AMA Style

Kaliaraj GS, Shanmugam DK, Dasan A, Mosas KKA. Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology. Gels. 2023; 9(3):260. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaliaraj, Gobi Saravanan, Dilip Kumar Shanmugam, Arish Dasan, and Kamalan Kirubaharan Amirtharaj Mosas. 2023. "Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology" Gels 9, no. 3: 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260

APA Style

Kaliaraj, G. S., Shanmugam, D. K., Dasan, A., & Mosas, K. K. A. (2023). Hydrogels—A Promising Materials for 3D Printing Technology. Gels, 9(3), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9030260

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