Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Hydrophilicity and Water Properties
2.2. Transport and Release Properties
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Synthesis of Homo- and Copolymers Hydrogels Based on NVF
4.3. Equilibrium Water Content
4.4. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
- Cool from 25 °C to −70 °C
- Hold for 5 min at −70 °C
- Heat from −70 °C to −25 °C at 20 °C/min
- Heat from −25 °C to 25 °C at 10 °C/min
4.5. Contact Angle (CA)
4.6. Dye Uptake and Release
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | Main Monomer (%w/w) | Co-Monomer (%w/w) | CrossLinker (%w/w of Monomer) | Photo-Initiator (%w/w of Monomer) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NVF | HEA | CEA | |||
100PNVF | 100 | - | - | 3 | 1 |
100PHEA | - | 100 | - | 3 | 1 |
100PCEA | - | - | 100 | 3 | 1 |
75PNVF25PHEA | 75 | 25 | - | 3 | 1 |
50PNVF50PHEA | 50 | 50 | - | 3 | 1 |
75PNVF25PCEA | 75 | - | 25 | 3 | 1 |
50PNVF50PCEA | 50 | - | 50 | 3 | 1 |
Composition | %EWC | Free to Bound Water Ratio |
---|---|---|
100PNVF | 94.57 | 16.7:1 |
100PHEA | 80.80 | 4.5:1 |
100PCEA | 52.42 | 1.3:1 |
75PNVF25PHEA | 85.80 | 7.4:1 |
50PNVF50PHEA | 83.55 | 5.3:1 |
75PNVF25PCEA | 80.78 | 3.9:1 |
50PNVF50PCEA | 71.71 | 2.1:1 |
Name | Dye Type | MW | pKa | Log p * |
---|---|---|---|---|
Orange II sodium salt | Anionic azo dye | 350.32 | 8.26, 11.4 | −0.95 |
Crystal violet | Cationic dye | 407.99 | 9.4 | 1.17 |
Congo red | neutral-ionic azo dye | 696.68 | 4.1 | 2.63 |
Composition | Linear Correlation (R2) | ||
---|---|---|---|
Zero-Order | First-Order | Higuchi | |
O2S released | |||
100PNVF | 0.8316 | 0.5845 | 0.9790 |
100PHEA | 0.8015 | 0.6420 | 0.9731 |
100PCEA | 0.9612 | 0.8070 | 0.9755 |
75PNVF25PHEA | 0.8706 | 0.6406 | 0.9844 |
50PNVF50PHEA | 0.7598 | 0.5858 | 0.9500 |
75PNVF25PCEA | 0.6560 | 0.5465 | 0.8962 |
50PNVF50PCEA | 0.8781 | 0.7097 | 0.9963 |
CV released | |||
100PNVF | 0.7525 | 0.4671 | 0.9491 |
100PHEA | 0.7649 | 0.5662 | 0.9538 |
100PCEA | 0.7830 | N/A | 0.8550 |
75PNVF25PHEA | 0.7209 | 0.5162 | 0.9354 |
50PNVF50PHEA | 0.9430 | 0.7167 | 0.9954 |
75PNVF25PCEA | 0.5175 | N/A | 0.7613 |
50PNVF50PCEA | 0.4982 | N/A | 0.6590 |
CR released | |||
100PNVF | 0.9063 | 0.8192 | 0.9835 |
100PHEA | 0.9316 | 0.9014 | 0.9869 |
100PCEA | 0.9639 | 0.7331 | 0.9394 |
75PNVF25PHEA | 0.9876 | 0.9112 | 0.9103 |
50PNVF50PHEA | 0.9184 | 0.8591 | 0.9976 |
75PNVF25PCEA | 0.9482 | 0.8732 | 0.9762 |
50PNVF50PCEA | 0.9448 | 0.9812 | 0.9866 |
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Yooyod, M.; Ross, S.; Phewchan, P.; Daengmankhong, J.; Pinthong, T.; Tuancharoensri, N.; Mahasaranon, S.; Viyoch, J.; Ross, G.M. Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release. Gels 2023, 9, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333
Yooyod M, Ross S, Phewchan P, Daengmankhong J, Pinthong T, Tuancharoensri N, Mahasaranon S, Viyoch J, Ross GM. Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release. Gels. 2023; 9(4):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333
Chicago/Turabian StyleYooyod, Maytinee, Sukunya Ross, Premchirakorn Phewchan, Jinjutha Daengmankhong, Thanyaporn Pinthong, Nantaprapa Tuancharoensri, Sararat Mahasaranon, Jarupa Viyoch, and Gareth M. Ross. 2023. "Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release" Gels 9, no. 4: 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333