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Volume 9
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10.3390/gels9040333
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Article

Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release

by
Maytinee Yooyod
1,
Sukunya Ross
2,
Premchirakorn Phewchan
3,
Jinjutha Daengmankhong
1,
Thanyaporn Pinthong
1,
Nantaprapa Tuancharoensri
1,
Sararat Mahasaranon
2,
Jarupa Viyoch
4 and
Gareth M. Ross
2,*
1
Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
2
Biopolymer Group, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
4
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Gels 2023, 9(4), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333
Submission received: 13 March 2023 / Revised: 9 April 2023 / Accepted: 11 April 2023 / Published: 14 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Gel Applications)
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Abstract

This study investigated the performance of novel hydrogels based on poly (N-vinylformamide) (PNVF), copolymers of NVF with N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide (HEA) (P(NVF-co-HEA)), and 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (CEA) (P(NVF-co-CEA)), which were synthesized by photopolymerization using a UVLED light source. The hydrogels were analyzed for important properties such as equilibrium water content (%EWC), contact angle, freezing and non-freezing water, and diffusion-based in vitro release. The results showed that PNVF had an extremely high %EWC of 94.57%, while a decreasing NVF content in the copolymer hydrogels led to a decrease in water content with a linear relationship with HEA or CEA content. Water structuring in the hydrogels showed appreciably more variance, with ratios of free to bound water differing from 16.7:1 (NVF) to 1.3:1 (CEA), corresponding to PNVF having ~67 water molecules per repeat unit. The release studies of different dye molecules followed Higuchi’s model, with the amount of dye released from the hydrogels depending on the amount of free water and the structural interactions between the polymer and the molecule being released. The results suggest that PNVF copolymer hydrogels have potential for controlled drug delivery by altering the polymer composition to govern the amount and ratio of free to bound water contained in the hydrogels.
Keywords: N-vinylformamide; hydrogels; controlled release; water structure; N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide; 2-carboxyethyl acrylate; UVLED photopolymerization N-vinylformamide; hydrogels; controlled release; water structure; N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide; 2-carboxyethyl acrylate; UVLED photopolymerization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yooyod, M.; Ross, S.; Phewchan, P.; Daengmankhong, J.; Pinthong, T.; Tuancharoensri, N.; Mahasaranon, S.; Viyoch, J.; Ross, G.M. Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release. Gels 2023, 9, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333

AMA Style

Yooyod M, Ross S, Phewchan P, Daengmankhong J, Pinthong T, Tuancharoensri N, Mahasaranon S, Viyoch J, Ross GM. Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release. Gels. 2023; 9(4):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yooyod, Maytinee, Sukunya Ross, Premchirakorn Phewchan, Jinjutha Daengmankhong, Thanyaporn Pinthong, Nantaprapa Tuancharoensri, Sararat Mahasaranon, Jarupa Viyoch, and Gareth M. Ross. 2023. "Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release" Gels 9, no. 4: 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333

APA Style

Yooyod, M., Ross, S., Phewchan, P., Daengmankhong, J., Pinthong, T., Tuancharoensri, N., Mahasaranon, S., Viyoch, J., & Ross, G. M. (2023). Homo- and Copolymer Hydrogels Based on N-Vinylformamide: An Investigation of the Impact of Water Structure on Controlled Release. Gels, 9(4), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9040333

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