Concentration Dependence of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Carbon Xerogels on Adsorption–Photodegradation Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Characteristics of CXTi
2.2. Adsorption Performance
2.3. Adsorption Isotherm Analysis
2.4. Photocatalytic Performance
Kinetics of Photodegradation
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Synthesis of Composites
4.2. Structural Characterisation
4.3. Photocatalytic Performance and Adsorption Isotherms
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Wavenumber cm−1 | Assignment |
---|---|
3300 | Phenolic OH |
1605, 1473 | Aromatic ether bridge |
1300 | C-O-C asymmetric stretching of the methylene ether bridge |
1470 | CH2 (methylene ether bridge) |
1200, 1084 | Ti-O-C |
600 | Ti-O-Ti |
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Sample | SBET (m2 g−1) | Average Pore Size (nm) | Pore Range (nm) | Pore Volume (cm3 g−1) | % TiO2 | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RFTi10 | 439 | 9 | 2–57 | 0.7 | 11.1 | [11] |
CXTi30 | 384 | 8 | 2–53 | 0.8 | - | [12] |
CXTi50 | 290 | 4 | 2–42 | 0.2 | 52 | This work |
CXTi70 | 193 | 5 | 2–40 | 0.2 | 72.5 | This work |
CXTi90 | 150 | 16 | 2–128 | 0.4 | 89 | This work |
50 mg L−1 | 100 mg L−1 | 150 mg L−1 | 200 mg L−1 | Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RFTi10 | 109 | 176 | 201 | 212 | [11] |
CXTi30 | 113 | 217 | 220 | 221 | [12] |
CXTi50 | 100 | 161 | 203 | 211 | This work |
CXTi70 | 95 | 140 | 171 | 191 | This work |
CXTi90 | 69 | 95 | 100 | 104 | This work |
Parameters | Sample | ||
---|---|---|---|
CXTi50 | CXTi70 | CXTi90 | |
qexp | 215 | 195 | 104 |
Langmuir | |||
qL (mg g−1) | 231 | 222 | 116 |
KL (Lmg−1) | 0.108 | 0.036 | 0.061 |
R2 | 0.974 | 0.958 | 0.990 |
Freundlich | |||
KF | 47.7 | 28.1 | 27.7 |
nF | 3.22 | 2.39 | 3.60 |
1/nF | 0.311 | 0.420 | 0.278 |
R2 | 0.900 | 0.927 | 0.951 |
Sips | |||
qs (mg g−1) | 209 | 185 | 117 |
Ks (Lmg−1) | 0.029 | 0.003 | 0.064 |
ns | 1.45 | 2.01 | 0.983 |
1/ns | 0.689 | 0.497 | 1.017 |
R2 | 0.983 | 0.993 | 0.998 |
Sample | Band Gap (eV) | Adsorption (%) | Photodegradation (%) | Rate Constant min−1 | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RFTi10 | 2.97 | 72 | 75 | 1.25 × 10−3 | [11] |
CXTi30 | 2.24 | 85 | 99 | 2.98 × 10−2 | [12] |
CXTi50 | 2.60 | 59 | 87 | 2.27 × 10−2 | This work |
CXTi70 | 2.93 | 64 | 75 | 6.95 × 10−3 | This work |
CXTi90 | 3.10 | 58 | 60 | 3.99 × 10−4 | This work |
Sample | Resorcinol (g) | Formaldehyde (g) | Catalyst (g) | Titania (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CXTi50 | 3.8756 | 2.1135 | 0.0112 | 6.00 |
CXTi70 | 2.3252 | 1.2681 | 0.00670 | 8.40 |
CXTi90 | 0.7750 | 0.4227 | 0.00224 | 10.8 |
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Safri, A.; Fletcher, A.J. Concentration Dependence of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Carbon Xerogels on Adsorption–Photodegradation Applications. Gels 2023, 9, 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9060468
Safri A, Fletcher AJ. Concentration Dependence of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Carbon Xerogels on Adsorption–Photodegradation Applications. Gels. 2023; 9(6):468. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9060468
Chicago/Turabian StyleSafri, Anam, and Ashleigh Jane Fletcher. 2023. "Concentration Dependence of TiO2 Nanoparticles in Carbon Xerogels on Adsorption–Photodegradation Applications" Gels 9, no. 6: 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9060468