Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Characterization of Pt NPs
4.3. Preparation of Agarose Hydrogel
4.4. Preparation of UMEs
4.5. Instruments
4.6. Electrochemical Cell
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Concentration of Agarose Hydrogel (wt%) | Steady-State Current (nA) | Calculated Diffusion Coefficient of Hydrazine a (×10−6 cm2/s) |
---|---|---|
0 (solution) | 33.8 | 8.75 |
0.5 | 28.4 | 7.37 |
1.0 | 25.5 | 6.59 |
1.5 | 20.3 | 5.25 |
2.0 | 18.5 | 4.79 |
Concentration of Agarose Hydrogel (wt%) | Calculated Current Magnitude a (pA) | Experimental Current Magnitude (pA) (±SD) | Calculated Frequency b (s−1) | Experimental Frequency (s−1) (±SD) | Normalized Frequency (s−1·pM−1) (±SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 (solution) | 330 | 495 (±338) | 0.104 | 0.028 (±0.003) c | 0.035 (±0.004) |
0.5 | 278 | 27 (±13) | - | 0.066 (±0.026) d | 0.003 (±0.001) |
1.0 | 249 | 13 (±4) | - | 0.028 (±0.012) d | 0.001 (±0.001) |
1.5 | 198 | 12 (±5) | - | 0.011 (±0.003) d | 0.0005 (±0.0001) |
2.0 | 181 | - | - | 0 d | 0 |
Method Based on | Pore Diameter (nm) | Reference | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.5 wt% | 1.0 wt% | 1.5 wt% | 2.0 wt% | ||
DNA mobilities change | 250 | 100 | 60 | 40 | [55] |
absorbance change | 450 | 150 | 70 | 45 | [56] |
surface fraction change | 280 | 85 | 71 | 6 | [57] |
Cryo-SEM | 330 | 230 | 190 | 150 | [58] |
Time Range (s) | 0 wt% (Solution) | 0.5 wt% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental Current Magnitude (pA) (±SD) | Experimental Frequency (s−1) | Experimental Current Magnitude (pA) (±SD) | Experimental Frequency (s−1) | |
0~200 | 330 (±180) | 0.075 | 31.8 (±15) | 0.13 |
200–400 | 1050 (±1140) | 0.015 | 32.2 (±18) | 0.12 |
Concentration of Agarose Hydrogel (wt%) | Experimental Current Magnitude (pA) | Noise Level a (pA) | Signal to Noise Ratio (S/N Ratio) |
---|---|---|---|
0 (solution) | 495 | 53 | 7.8 |
0.5 | 27 | 0.65 | 42 |
1.0 | 13 | 0.79 | 16 |
1.5 | 12 | 0.85 | 15 |
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Na, J.; Park, K.; Kwon, S.J. Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Gels 2023, 9, 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070537
Na J, Park K, Kwon SJ. Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Gels. 2023; 9(7):537. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070537
Chicago/Turabian StyleNa, Jaedo, Kyungsoon Park, and Seong Jung Kwon. 2023. "Single-Entity Electrochemistry in the Agarose Hydrogel: Observation of Enhanced Signal Uniformity and Signal-to-Noise Ratio" Gels 9, no. 7: 537. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9070537