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Volume 10
Issue 5
10.3390/horticulturae10050508
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Article

Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

by
Maha Ibrahimi
1,2,
Najiba Brhadda
2,
Rabea Ziri
2,
Mohamed Fokar
3,
Ilham Amghar
1,
Fatima Gaboun
1,
Aicha Habach
4,
Reda Meziani
5,
Jamal Elfadile
5,
Rabha Abdelwahd
1 and
Ghizlane Diria
1,*
1
Biotechnology Unit, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Rabat, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), P 6570, Rabat 10101, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Plant, Animal and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, BP 133, Kenitra 14000, Morocco
3
Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Room 101, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
4
Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, B.P: 8007.N.U, Rabat 10000, Morocco
5
UR Oasis Systems, National Laboratory of Date Palm Tissues Culture, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Errachidia, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), BP 2, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Horticulturae 2024, 10(5), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050508
Submission received: 7 December 2023 / Revised: 4 January 2024 / Accepted: 5 January 2024 / Published: 15 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Physiological, Genetic and Phytochemical Characteristics of Horticulture Crops)
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Abstract

Understanding genetic diversity and population structure plays a vital role in the efficient use of available material in plant-breeding programs and in germplasm conservation strategies. In the present study, we aim to evaluate the genetic variations and population structure of male date palms from Morocco. The genetic diversity of 100 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) genotypes was investigated using the performance of three types of molecular markers: inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSRs), direct amplification of minisatellite DNA (DAMD), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs). On the basis of their polymorphic information content (PIC) (ISSRs = 0.38; DAMD = 0.4; SSRs = 0.33), effective multiplex ratio (EMR) (ISSRs = 27.34; DAMD = 52.31; SSRs = 22.20), Resolving power Rp (ISSR = 13.81; DAMD = 28.73; SSR = 14.6), and marker index (MI) (ISSRs = 9.22; DAMD = 20.23; SSRs = 7.54) values, all markers used in our study are considered informative markers. Among them, DAMD markers demonstrated slightly higher informativeness compared to ISSR and SSR markers. A total of 216, 438, and 248 bands were, respectively, detected using ISSRs, DAMD, and SSRs, with 95%, 98% and 94% of polymorphism, respectively. The AMOVA results revealed considerable diversity within date palms. The PCOa results showed that males of Tinghir and Errachidia were regrouped into the same cluster, while males of Goulmima were separated into another group. A cluster and structure analysis separated the studied genotypes into three groups. One group comprises genotypes of males from Zagora with some female varieties scattered in this group. The second group includes male genotypes from Goulmima along with accessions of female and male varieties. The third group contains males of Errachidia, Tata and Tinghir populations. The cluster and structure analysis separated the studied genotypes according to their origin.
Keywords: genetic diversity; Phoenix dactylifera L.; ISSR; DAMD; SSR; structure genetic diversity; Phoenix dactylifera L.; ISSR; DAMD; SSR; structure

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ibrahimi, M.; Brhadda, N.; Ziri, R.; Fokar, M.; Amghar, I.; Gaboun, F.; Habach, A.; Meziani, R.; Elfadile, J.; Abdelwahd, R.; et al. Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050508

AMA Style

Ibrahimi M, Brhadda N, Ziri R, Fokar M, Amghar I, Gaboun F, Habach A, Meziani R, Elfadile J, Abdelwahd R, et al. Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(5):508. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050508

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibrahimi, Maha, Najiba Brhadda, Rabea Ziri, Mohamed Fokar, Ilham Amghar, Fatima Gaboun, Aicha Habach, Reda Meziani, Jamal Elfadile, Rabha Abdelwahd, and et al. 2024. "Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers" Horticulturae 10, no. 5: 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050508

APA Style

Ibrahimi, M., Brhadda, N., Ziri, R., Fokar, M., Amghar, I., Gaboun, F., Habach, A., Meziani, R., Elfadile, J., Abdelwahd, R., & Diria, G. (2024). Molecular Identification of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure in Moroccan Male Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat, Direct Amplification of Minisatellite DNA, and Simple Sequence Repeat Markers. Horticulturae, 10(5), 508. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10050508

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