Comprehensive Evaluation of Texture Quality of ‘Huizao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Huizao) and Its Response to Climate Factors in Four Main Production Areas of Southern Xinjiang
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Fruit Samples
2.2. Determination of Texture Indices
2.3. Meteorological Data Acquisition
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Comparison of Texture Quality Indices of HZ Fruit from Different Main Producing Areas
3.2. Probability Grading of Texture Quality Indices of HZ Fruit
3.3. Classification of 31 HZ Producing Regions from Four Producing Areas
3.4. Identifying Key Indices for Texture Quality
3.4.1. Correlation Analysis of Texture Quality Indices
3.4.2. Stepwise Regression Analysis
3.4.3. Principal Component Analysis
3.5. Comprehensive Ranking of Texture Quality of 31 Producing Areas
3.6. Relationship between Fruit Texture Quality and Climatic Factors of HZ Fruit
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Area | Statistic | Hardness | Chewiness | Adhesiveness | Cohesiveness | Springiness | Gumminess |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hotan | CV/% | 13.69 | 22.89 | 31.17 | 6.49 | 10.36 | 13.36 |
Bazhou | CV/% | 22.69 | 12.43 | 20.57 | 6.53 | 9.69 | 13.67 |
Kashi | CV/% | 22.46 | 32.60 | 38.02 | 12.41 | 13.64 | 28.16 |
Aksu | CV/% | 14.42 | 27.33 | 27.32 | 5.25 | 12.00 | 26.76 |
Index | Grade | Lower | Low | Medium | High | Higher |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
hardness | Standard (N) | <17.76 | 17.76~23.01 | 23.02~29.75 | 29.76~32.23 | >32.23 |
Proportion (%) | 9.68 | 19.36 | 41.94 | 19.36 | 9.68 | |
chewiness | Standard (mJ) | <97.09 | 97.09~160.14 | 160.15~231.96 | 231.97~273.09 | >273.10 |
Proportion (%) | 9.68 | 19.36 | 41.94 | 19.36 | 9.68 | |
adhesiveness | Standard (N·s) | <0.029 | 0.03~0.04 | 0.05~0.06 | 0.061~0.07 | >0.07 |
Proportion (%) | 22.58 | 12.90 | 41.94 | 19.36 | 3.23 | |
cohesiveness | Standard | <0.36 | 0.36~0.37 | 0.38~0.41 | 0.42~0.45 | >0.45 |
Proportion (%) | 12.90 | 29.03 | 29.03 | 19.36 | 9.68 | |
springiness | Standard (mm) | <2.43 | 2.43~2.59 | 2.60~3.15 | 3.16~3.52 | >3.52 |
Proportion (%) | 9.68 | 19.36 | 41.94 | 19.36 | 9.68 | |
gumminess | Standard (N) | <35.92 | 35.92~53.53 | 53.54~69.96 | 69.97~86.28 | >86.28 |
Proportion (%) | 9.68 | 19.36 | 41.94 | 19.36 | 9.68 |
Dependent Variable | Regression | R2 | F | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hardness (x1) | y1 = 54.532 − 109.815x3 + 0.385x5 | 0.556 | 6.510 | <0.001 |
Chewiness (x2) | y2 = 58.328x4 + 2.837x5 | 0.973 | 177.012 | <0.001 |
Cohesiveness (x3) | y3 = 0.267 + 0.075x4 − 0.003x1 | 0.751 | 14.465 | <0.001 |
Springiness (x4) | y4 = −0.026x5 + 0.011x2 + 4.491x3 | 0.890 | 38.702 | <0.001 |
Gumminess (x5) | y5 = 0.449x1 + 0.32x2 − 15.94x4 | 0.952 | 94.507 | <0.001 |
Adhesiveness (x6) | y6 = 0.08 − 0.001x1 − 0.028x3 − 0.001x4 | 0.082 | 0.430 | 0.823 |
Index | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 |
---|---|---|---|
Hardness (x1) | −0.464 | 0.802 | 0.203 |
Chewiness (x2) | 0.909 | 0.381 | 0.051 |
Adhesiveness (x3) | 0.281 | −0.367 | 0.885 |
Cohesiveness (x4) | 0.826 | −0.371 | −0.216 |
Springiness (x5) | 0.926 | 0.016 | −0.133 |
Gumminess (x6) | 0.808 | 0.520 | 0.125 |
Eigenvalue | 3.315 | 1.332 | 0.907 |
Variance contribution (%) | 55.242 | 22.202 | 15.119 |
Percent of variance (%) | 55.242 | 77.444 | 92.563 |
Grade | Poor | Relatively Poor | Medium | Good | Excellent |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comprehensive score | <−1.480 | −1.479~(−0.728) | −0.727~0.780 | 0.781~1.700 | >1.700 |
Sample | 3 | 6 | 13 | 6 | 3 |
Proportion (%) | 9.677 | 19.355 | 41.935 | 19.355 | 9.677 |
Regions | y1 Score | y2 Score | y3 Score | Comprehensive Score | Rank | Regions | y1 Score | y2 Score | y3 Score | Comprehensive Score | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bazhou-2 | 2.29 | 1.58 | 0.77 | 1.87 | 1 | Kashi-4 | −0.45 | 0.15 | 0.73 | −0.11 | 17 |
Hotan-1 | 2.73 | 1.1 | −0.71 | 1.78 | 2 | Hotan-7 | −0.44 | −0.34 | 1.33 | −0.13 | 18 |
Bazhou-4 | 2.49 | −0.14 | 1.64 | 1.72 | 3 | Aksu-8 | −0.87 | 0.2 | 0.23 | −0.43 | 19 |
Bazhou-3 | 2.68 | −0.01 | 0.16 | 1.62 | 4 | Aksu-9 | −1.26 | 0.84 | 0.48 | −0.47 | 20 |
Hotan-2 | 2.66 | −0.75 | 0.63 | 1.51 | 5 | Aksu-2 | −1.27 | 1.2 | −0.8 | −0.6 | 21 |
Bazhou-5 | 2.45 | −1.66 | 0.37 | 1.13 | 6 | Kashi-6 | −1.67 | 1.5 | −0.54 | −0.72 | 22 |
Hotan-5 | 1.81 | −0.65 | 0.84 | 1.06 | 7 | Kashi-5 | −1.49 | 1.1 | −0.73 | −0.74 | 23 |
Hotan-4 | 1.7 | 0.07 | −0.24 | 0.99 | 8 | Aksu-6 | −1.54 | 0.45 | −0.49 | −0.89 | 24 |
Kashi-1 | 1.36 | −0.2 | 0.28 | 0.81 | 9 | Aksu-5 | −1.59 | −0.07 | −0.39 | −1.03 | 25 |
Bazhou-1 | 1.44 | −0.18 | −0.33 | 0.76 | 10 | Aksu-4 | −1.37 | −2 | 0.85 | −1.16 | 26 |
Kashi-2 | −0.45 | 2.9 | −0.3 | 0.38 | 11 | Aksu-7 | −1.7 | −1.47 | 1.07 | −1.2 | 27 |
Bazhou-6 | −0.06 | 1.28 | 0.46 | 0.34 | 12 | Kashi-8 | −1.94 | −0.27 | 0.17 | −1.2 | 28 |
Aksu-1 | −0.11 | 1.12 | 0.32 | 0.26 | 13 | Kashi-9 | −1.52 | −1.56 | −1.63 | −1.55 | 29 |
Hotan-6 | 0.55 | 0.54 | −1.28 | 0.25 | 14 | Kashi-7 | −3.22 | −0.9 | 0.92 | −1.99 | 30 |
Hotan-3 | 0.91 | −1.55 | −1.35 | −0.05 | 15 | Aksu-3 | −3.42 | −0.72 | 0.37 | −2.15 | 31 |
Kashi-3 | 1.29 | −1.57 | −2.85 | −0.07 | 16 |
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Guo, T.; Qiu, Q.; Zhang, C.; Li, X.; Lin, M.; Wu, C.; Jing, S.; Li, X.; Wang, Z. Comprehensive Evaluation of Texture Quality of ‘Huizao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Huizao) and Its Response to Climate Factors in Four Main Production Areas of Southern Xinjiang. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080864
Guo T, Qiu Q, Zhang C, Li X, Lin M, Wu C, Jing S, Li X, Wang Z. Comprehensive Evaluation of Texture Quality of ‘Huizao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Huizao) and Its Response to Climate Factors in Four Main Production Areas of Southern Xinjiang. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(8):864. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080864
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuo, Tianfa, Qianqian Qiu, Chuanjiang Zhang, Xiangyu Li, Minjuan Lin, Cuiyun Wu, Shuangquan Jing, Xingang Li, and Zhenlei Wang. 2024. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Texture Quality of ‘Huizao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Huizao) and Its Response to Climate Factors in Four Main Production Areas of Southern Xinjiang" Horticulturae 10, no. 8: 864. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10080864