Climate Influence on Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds of Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. from Different Chinese Habitats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instruments and Reagents
2.2. Sampling of Plant Material
2.3. HPLC Quantification of Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin
2.3.1. Chromatographic Conditions
2.3.2. Preparation of the Standards and Working Solutions
2.3.3. Linearity of the Standard Solution
2.3.4. Methodology
2.4. Climatic Factors
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds across Different Habitats
3.1.1. Leaf Appearance
3.1.2. Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds
3.1.3. Comprehensive Ranking
3.2. Correlation between Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds
3.3. Correlation among Leaf Appearance, Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds, and Climatic Factors
3.4. Redundancy Analysis of Climatic Factors as Determinants of T. arguta Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds
4. Discussion
4.1. Variability of Leaf Appearance and Quality Indices in T. arguta across Chinese Regions
4.2. Link between Leaf Appearance and Quality in T. arguta
4.3. Incidence of Climate Factors on Leaf Appearance and Quality in T. arguta
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Id. Code | Origin | Longitude | Latitude | No. of Plants Sampled | Date of Collection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | L(J-mt) | 114°34′28″ | 24°37′51″ | 33 | 2020.09.30 |
2 | L(Y-vg) | 114°37′28″ | 24°37′53″ | 3 | 2020.10.09 |
3 | L(A-mt) | 114°47′48″ | 24°54′60″ | 3 | 2020.10.11 |
4 | Q(T-wl) | 114°32′38″ | 24°43′20″ | 10 | 2020.09.30 |
5 | Q(F-vg) | 114°17′45″ | 24°43′29″ | 20 | 2020.10.08 |
6 | Q(J-t) | 114°33′12″ | 24°45′19″ | 7 | 2020.10.16 |
7 | A(X-t) | 115°24′46″ | 25°08′18″ | 3 | 2020.11.05 |
8 | C(Q-mt) | 114°01′12″ | 25°53′26″ | 14 | 2020.09.16 |
9 | C(C-vg) | 113°59′53″ | 25°45′59″ | 8 | 2020.09.18 |
10 | C(Y-mt) | 114°18′60″ | 25°37′34″ | 19 | 2020.09.20 |
11 | D(M-r) | 114°15′27″ | 25°20′02″ | 14 | 2020.11.06 |
12 | D(Z-t) | 114°22′06″ | 25°24′27″ | 7 | 2020.11.16 |
13 | S(F-mt) | 114°09′30″ | 26°01′23″ | 9 | 2020.11.20 |
14 | S(G-mt) | 114°33′31″ | 25°47′26″ | 3 | 2020.11.21 |
15 | X(A-ff) | 115°08′51″ | 25°03′26″ | 3 | 2020.09.15 |
16 | T(B-t) | 114°55′40″ | 26°53′38″ | 3 | 2020.09.21 |
17 | T(B-mt) | 115°18′54″ | 26°41′58″ | 6 | 2020.09.22 |
18 | T(Y-vg) | 114°51′01″ | 26°45′29″ | 3 | 2020.09.22 |
19 | Y(B-mt) | 114°18′21″ | 26°53′04″ | 7 | 2020.10.06 |
20 | Y(Q-t) | 114°18′46″ | 26°49′32″ | 5 | 2020.10.07 |
21 | Yf(Y-vg) | 114°56′32″ | 28°27′52″ | 8 | 2020.09.18 |
22 | Yf(S-ff) | 114°51′22″ | 28°19′42″ | 3 | 2020.09.18 |
23 | Yf(J-vg) | 114°37′35″ | 28°23′23″ | 5 | 2020.09.19 |
24 | Yf(G-mt) | 114°34′29″ | 28°34′42″ | 16 | 2020.09.10 |
25 | Yf(S-vg) | 114°24′10″ | 28°27′05″ | 3 | 2020.11.14 |
26 | Yc(M-mt) | 114°19′17″ | 27°36′50″ | 23 | 2020.09.02 |
27 | W(J-t) | 114°23′55″ | 28°15′35″ | 3 | 2020.11.13 |
28 | F(S-vg) | 115°01′08″ | 28°36′50″ | 3 | 2020.11.25 |
29 | Tg(H-vg) | 114°37′12″ | 28°37′03″ | 10 | 2020.10.12 |
30 | J(P-vg) | 115°22′49″ | 29°02′24″ | 3 | 2020.11.02 |
31 | J(H-cy) | 115°16′04″ | 29°03′17″ | 3 | 2020.11.02 |
32 | J(G-vg) | 115°13′26″ | 29°01′02″ | 8 | 2020.11.03 |
33 | G(X-t) | 115°07′56″ | 28°15′10″ | 10 | 2020.10.30 |
34 | Wy(F-t) | 117°37′54″ | 29°18′53″ | 3 | 2020.11.12 |
35 | Xs(H-t) | 114°52′27″ | 28°50′49″ | 5 | 2020.10.20 |
36 | Wn(S-mt) | 115°18′11″ | 29°06′32″ | 6 | 2020.11.16 |
37 | Z(M-mt) | 117°12′31″ | 27°50′01″ | 5 | 2020.11.19 |
38 | Lp(P-t) | 114°17′55″ | 24°24′46″ | 3 | 2020.10.06 |
39 | H(G-t) | 113°02′52″ | 27°04′48″ | 3 | 2020.11.01 |
40 | P(S-mt) | 119°03′52″ | 25°38′33″ | 3 | 2020.10.28 |
Id. Code | Subordinate Function Values | Average Membership Function Value | Ranking Position | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LA | LT | LDW | Lig | Rho | |||
1 | 0.218 | 0.415 | 0.237 | 0.412 | 0.394 | 0.335 | 30 |
2 | 0.231 | 0.382 | 0.145 | 0.699 | 0.424 | 0.376 | 27 |
3 | 0.363 | 0.490 | 0.303 | 0.525 | 0.275 | 0.391 | 22 |
4 | 0.581 | 0.345 | 0.286 | 0.485 | 0.605 | 0.460 | 9 |
5 | 0.335 | 0.337 | 0.268 | 0.480 | 0.540 | 0.392 | 21 |
6 | 0.841 | 0.383 | 0.910 | 0.457 | 0.604 | 0.639 | 2 |
7 | 0.870 | 1.000 | 0.763 | 1.000 | 0.316 | 0.790 | 1 |
8 | 0.526 | 0.479 | 0.602 | 0.066 | 0.375 | 0.410 | 17 |
9 | 0.289 | 0.427 | 0.531 | 0.113 | 0.098 | 0.292 | 33 |
10 | 0.388 | 0.501 | 0.458 | 0.326 | 0.353 | 0.405 | 19 |
11 | 0.412 | 0.304 | 0.222 | 0.489 | 0.520 | 0.389 | 23 |
12 | 0.785 | 0.405 | 0.323 | 0.241 | 0.523 | 0.456 | 11 |
13 | 0.733 | 0.408 | 0.596 | 0.328 | 0.610 | 0.535 | 5 |
14 | 0.864 | 0.331 | 1.000 | 0.134 | 0.255 | 0.517 | 6 |
15 | 0.000 | 0.363 | 0.000 | 0.148 | 0.327 | 0.167 | 40 |
16 | 0.411 | 0.344 | 0.342 | 0.469 | 0.693 | 0.452 | 13 |
17 | 0.659 | 0.382 | 0.263 | 0.396 | 0.449 | 0.430 | 15 |
18 | 0.639 | 0.414 | 0.329 | 0.322 | 0.435 | 0.428 | 16 |
19 | 0.562 | 0.397 | 0.453 | 0.290 | 1.000 | 0.540 | 4 |
20 | 0.235 | 0.304 | 0.029 | 0.225 | 0.404 | 0.240 | 37 |
21 | 0.618 | 0.324 | 0.398 | 0.267 | 0.381 | 0.397 | 20 |
22 | 0.772 | 0.382 | 0.645 | 0.502 | 0.845 | 0.629 | 3 |
23 | 0.283 | 0.274 | 0.061 | 0.332 | 0.466 | 0.283 | 34 |
24 | 0.346 | 0.176 | 0.240 | 0.484 | 0.551 | 0.359 | 29 |
25 | 0.722 | 0.293 | 0.197 | 0.402 | 0.271 | 0.377 | 26 |
26 | 0.549 | 0.378 | 0.428 | 0.387 | 0.523 | 0.453 | 12 |
27 | 0.163 | 0.217 | 0.329 | 0.260 | 0.680 | 0.330 | 31 |
28 | 0.638 | 0.236 | 0.684 | 0.482 | 0.444 | 0.497 | 7 |
29 | 0.270 | 0.159 | 0.266 | 0.247 | 0.468 | 0.282 | 35 |
30 | 0.830 | 0.019 | 0.303 | 0.486 | 0.260 | 0.380 | 24 |
31 | 0.358 | 0.000 | 0.039 | 0.359 | 0.100 | 0.171 | 39 |
32 | 0.711 | 0.181 | 0.319 | 0.342 | 0.295 | 0.370 | 28 |
33 | 0.707 | 0.154 | 0.562 | 0.288 | 0.457 | 0.433 | 14 |
34 | 1.000 | 0.140 | 0.526 | 0.373 | 0.000 | 0.408 | 18 |
35 | 0.676 | 0.373 | 0.400 | 0.177 | 0.663 | 0.458 | 10 |
36 | 0.591 | 0.131 | 0.388 | 0.378 | 0.915 | 0.481 | 8 |
37 | 0.398 | 0.167 | 0.179 | 0.036 | 0.402 | 0.236 | 38 |
38 | 0.089 | 0.732 | 0.079 | 0.478 | 0.512 | 0.378 | 25 |
39 | 0.386 | 0.446 | 0.408 | 0.235 | 0.124 | 0.320 | 32 |
40 | 0.312 | 0.395 | 0.421 | 0.000 | 0.074 | 0.240 | 36 |
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Ji, H.; Cai, J.; Chen, C.; Song, X.; Luo, Y.; Yu, J.; Zhang, Y.; Tao, X. Climate Influence on Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds of Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. from Different Chinese Habitats. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090935
Ji H, Cai J, Chen C, Song X, Luo Y, Yu J, Zhang Y, Tao X. Climate Influence on Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds of Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. from Different Chinese Habitats. Horticulturae. 2024; 10(9):935. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090935
Chicago/Turabian StyleJi, Hongli, Junhuo Cai, Chao Chen, Xiaomin Song, Yun Luo, Jinbao Yu, Yang Zhang, and Xiuhua Tao. 2024. "Climate Influence on Leaf Appearance and Ligustroflavone and Rhoifolin Compounds of Turpinia arguta (Lindl.) Seem. from Different Chinese Habitats" Horticulturae 10, no. 9: 935. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10090935