Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

Muñoz-Organero, Gregorio; Espinosa, Francisco E.; Cabello, Félix; Zamorano, José Pablo; Urbanos, Miguel A.; Puertas, Belén; Lara, Miguel; Domingo, Carme; Puig-Pujol, Anna; Valdés, M. Esperanza; Moreno, Daniel; Diaz-Losada, Emilia; Martínez, M. Carmen; Santiago, José L.; Cibriain, José F.; Raboso, Eva; Fernández-Pastor, Marta

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8110984

Open AccessArticle

Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

by

Gregorio Muñoz-Organero

^1,*,

Francisco E. Espinosa

¹

,

Félix Cabello

¹,

José Pablo Zamorano

¹,

Miguel A. Urbanos

¹,

Belén Puertas

²,

Miguel Lara

²,

Carme Domingo

³,

Anna Puig-Pujol

⁴

,

M. Esperanza Valdés

⁵

,

Daniel Moreno

⁵

,

Emilia Diaz-Losada

⁶,

M. Carmen Martínez

⁷

,

José L. Santiago

⁷

,

José F. Cibriain

⁸,

Eva Raboso

¹

and

Marta Fernández-Pastor

¹

Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Finca El Encín, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain

²

Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía (IFAPA), Rancho de la Merced, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba, pk 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain

³

Institut Català de la Vinya i el Vi (INCAVI), Plaça Àgora 2-3, 08720 Vilafranca del Penedès, Spain

⁴

Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentaria (IRTA), Torre Marimon, Crta. C-59, km 21.1, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain

⁵

Instituto Tecnológico Agroalimentario de Extremadura (CICYTEX, INTAEX), Av. Adolfo Suárez, s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain

⁶

Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Galicia (EVEGA), Ponte San Clodio s/n, 32428 Leiro, Spain

⁷

Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG-CSIC), Edificio Cruz Gallastegui, Carballeira, 8. Salcedo, 36143 Pontevedra, Spain

⁸

Estación de Viticultura y Enología de Navarra (EVENA), C. del Valle de Orba, 34, 31390 Olite, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Horticulturae 2022, 8(11), 984; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

Submission received: 7 September 2022 / Revised: 18 October 2022 / Accepted: 19 October 2022 / Published: 22 October 2022

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The State of The Art of Horticulture Science in Spain)

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Abstract

The main phenological stages (budburst, flowering, veraison, and ripeness) of 53 Spanish minority varieties were studied to determine their potential to help winegrowers adapt to climate change conditions. In total, 43 varieties were studied in the same location in Spain (Alcalá de Henares, in the Madrid region) and 10 varieties in 5 other regions (Galicia, Navarre, Catalonia, Extremadura, and Andalusia). Other traits of agronomic and oenological interest, such as yield and acidity, were also monitored. The results allow for the grouping of the varieties into several clusters according to the time of ripeness (very early—only for red varieties—and early, intermediate, and late, for both red and white varieties) and yield (high, medium, and low). The total acidity in the grape juice ranged from 3 to 11 g of tartaric acid/L. The average temperatures were higher (up to 3–4 °C during summer) compared to historical averages during the 1957–2021 time period. Advanced phenology phases and reduced acidity are regarded as negative effects of climate change for winegrowing practices. Since some minority varieties showed late or intermediate ripening, high acidity, and high (1 Kg/shoot) or medium (0.5 Kg/shoot) yield, our findings suggest that they may be cultivated in the coming years by winegrowers as an approach to mitigate climate change effects.

Keywords: climate change; ripeness; minority grape varieties; quality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Muñoz-Organero, G.; Espinosa, F.E.; Cabello, F.; Zamorano, J.P.; Urbanos, M.A.; Puertas, B.; Lara, M.; Domingo, C.; Puig-Pujol, A.; Valdés, M.E.; et al. Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

AMA Style

Muñoz-Organero G, Espinosa FE, Cabello F, Zamorano JP, Urbanos MA, Puertas B, Lara M, Domingo C, Puig-Pujol A, Valdés ME, et al. Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions. Horticulturae. 2022; 8(11):984. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muñoz-Organero, Gregorio, Francisco E. Espinosa, Félix Cabello, José Pablo Zamorano, Miguel A. Urbanos, Belén Puertas, Miguel Lara, Carme Domingo, Anna Puig-Pujol, M. Esperanza Valdés, and et al. 2022. "Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions" Horticulturae 8, no. 11: 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

APA Style

Muñoz-Organero, G., Espinosa, F. E., Cabello, F., Zamorano, J. P., Urbanos, M. A., Puertas, B., Lara, M., Domingo, C., Puig-Pujol, A., Valdés, M. E., Moreno, D., Diaz-Losada, E., Martínez, M. C., Santiago, J. L., Cibriain, J. F., Raboso, E., & Fernández-Pastor, M. (2022). Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions. Horticulturae, 8(11), 984. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8110984

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Phenological Study of 53 Spanish Minority Grape Varieties to Search for Adaptation of Vitiviniculture to Climate Change Conditions

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