Survey of the Influences of Microbial Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops: Case Studies and Successful Paradigms
Abstract
:1. Introduction to Microbial Biostimulants
2. Mechanisms of Microbial Biostimulant Action
2.1. Modes of Action of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria
2.2. Modes of Action of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
2.3. Indirect Effects of Microbial Biostimulants
3. Case Studies and Practical Application of Microbial Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops
3.1. Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterias (PGPRs)
3.2. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMFs)
4. Future Remarks and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Stresses | Type of Stresses | Protective Mechanisms | References |
---|---|---|---|
Abiotic stress | |||
Water stress | *Drought *Flooding | *Osmolite production *Increase in antioxidant activity *Phytohormone level modulation *Secretion of Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) | [85,86,87] |
Thermal stress | *Extreme heat *Freezing | *Emission of volatile organic compounds *Photohormone level modulation *Ice-nucleatin activity antagonism *Osmo and thermal protection *Delay of senescence | [76,77,78,79] |
Nutrient stress | *Increased soil exploration *Mineral nutrients solubilization | [74,75] | |
Biotic stress | *Induced system resistance *Phytohormone level modulation *Direct antagonism with pathogens | [47,53,54,55,56] |
Types | Plant | Effects | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Azotobacter | Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) | *Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter vinelandii rhizobacteria species have the potential to decrease the adverse impacts of droughts stress by mitigating the drought-related oxidative damage. | [138] |
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *Azotobacter salinestris strain could be an alternative tool to boost the production of tomato. | [136] | |
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) | *Azotobacter chroococcum strains can be applied for air-layering for better adaptation in different conditions. | [139] | |
Arthrobacter | Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) | *Arthrobacter agilis UMCV2 can be inoculated in micropropagated strawberry plants and increase the yield and fruit quality under greenhouse conditions. | [160] |
Azospirillum | Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) | *Seed inoculation with Azospirillum could increase product quality and improve storage life in lettuce grown under salt stress. | [163] |
Bacillus | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *Bacillus licheniformis NJ04 may increase root length and shoot length of treated plants. | [161] |
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *Bacillus velezensis 83 can be used for biological control of five different genera of phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Botrytis, Sphaerotheca, Leveillula, Erysiphe, and Colletotrichum. | [162] | |
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) | *Low concentrations of Bacillus sp. BCT9 improved length and lateral root. | [163] | |
Enterobactersp. | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *The Xy3 strain of Enterobacter sp. had notable controlling effects against bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). | [164] |
Burkholderia | Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 volatiles suppressed Botrytis cinerea infection. *Microbial volatile organic compounds of Burkholderia cenocepacia ETR-B22 could be used as an important biofumigant for extending postharvest tomato fruit shell life and controlling grey mold disease. | [165] |
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) | *Burkholderia sp. strain N3 improved tomato seedling height, dry weight, and nutrient uptake. *It can promote Fe3+ uptake, while Zn2+ absorption accompanied Cd accumulation. *Burkholderia sp. strain N3 facilitated gene expression and alleviated Cd toxicity in tomato plants. | [166] |
Types | Plant | Effects | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) | Bishop’s flower (Ammi majus) | *Its application can induce accumulation of phyto-molecules, coumarin, which might improve its medicinal and pharmacological applications. | [215] |
Black cumin (Nigella sativa Linn.) | *The colonization can increase relative water content (RWC), Chl b content, and micronutrient uptake. | [216] | |
Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) | *It can improve the overall growth and can positively increase the yield of cacao plants in acidic soils. | [217] | |
Glomus tortuosum | Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) | *AMF, biochar and N fertilizer applications enhanced chicory biomass.*AMF and biochar applications increased nutrient absorption, and reduced Cd absorption. | [209] |
Funneliformis mosseae | Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) | *The enhanced secondary metabolism and integrated transcriptional regulation might play a crucial role in AMF-mediated alleviation of chilling stress in plants. | [218] |
Pervetustus simplex, Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Albahypha drummondii, Septoglomus xanthium, Funneliformis mosseae, and Rhizoglomus irregulare | Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) | *Shoot length, and stem diameter were significantly higher in treatments augmented with compost and AMF. | [219] |
Claroideoglomus etunicatum, Rhizoglomus irregulare, Diversispora versiformis | Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) | *The inoculation is an effective strategy for alleviating cold stress. | [220] |
Glomus intraradices | Fig (Ficus carica L.) | *Plants positively responded to the mycorrhizal inoculation, and AMF induced different root architecture models. | [221] |
Glomus deserticola, Gigaspora margarita | Olive (Olea europaea L.) | *Mycorrhizal symbiosis decreased the Na+ and Cl- contents, and improved the RWC, the total fresh and dry weights and the photosynthetic activity. | [222] |
Rhizophagus irregularis | *The inoculation exhibited better performance under drought, especially under partial-root zone drying (PRD) treatment.*The combination of 50% deficit irrigation and AMF could cause the resistance of olive to drought. | [222] | |
Funneliformis mosseae, Funneliformis constrictum, Gigaspora margarita, and Rhizophagus irregularis | Onion (Allium cepa L.) | *Application of AMF and Trichoderma viride, for onion plants assists their growth in nutrient-deficient soils amended with fish waste. | [223] |
Pistachio (Pistacia vera) | *The use of composted materials improved its seedling’s response to native AMF under drought conditions. | [224] | |
Glomus mosseae, Acaulospora laevis, Glomus manihotis, and a mixed AMF strain | Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) | *Growth, physiological, and bio-chemical activities were effectively improved by bio-hardening. | [194] |
Cetraspora pellucida, Claroideoglomus etunicatum | Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) | *Plants grown with 9% of biochar and inoculated with C. etunicatum showed more profuse root system. | [225] |
Rhizophagus fasciculatus, Rhizophagus aggregatus, Rhizophagus irregularis | Tangerine orchard (Citrus reticulata L.) | *Inoculation had positive effect on final yield. | [226] |
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Shahrajabian, M.H.; Petropoulos, S.A.; Sun, W. Survey of the Influences of Microbial Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops: Case Studies and Successful Paradigms. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020193
Shahrajabian MH, Petropoulos SA, Sun W. Survey of the Influences of Microbial Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops: Case Studies and Successful Paradigms. Horticulturae. 2023; 9(2):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020193
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahrajabian, Mohamad Hesam, Spyridon A. Petropoulos, and Wenli Sun. 2023. "Survey of the Influences of Microbial Biostimulants on Horticultural Crops: Case Studies and Successful Paradigms" Horticulturae 9, no. 2: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020193