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Article

Breakthrough Analysis of Chemical Composition and Applied Chemometrics of European Plum Cultivars Grown in Norway

by
Milica Fotirić Akšić
1,†,
Živoslav Tešić
2,*,
Milica Kalaba
3,†,
Ivanka Ćirić
4,†,
Lato Pezo
3,†,
Biljana Lončar
5,
Uroš Gašić
6,
Biljana Dojčinović
7,
Tomislav Tosti
2 and
Mekjell Meland
8,*,†
1
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
2
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
4
Innovative Centre Faculty of Chemistry Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
5
Faculty of Technology Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
6
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
7
Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
8
Department of Horticulture, NIBIO Ullensvang, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ullensvangvegen 1005, N-5781 Lofthus, Norway
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Horticulturae 2023, 9(4), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040477
Submission received: 5 March 2023 / Revised: 26 March 2023 / Accepted: 6 April 2023 / Published: 11 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Fruit Production Systems)
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to find the chemical parameters for the differentiation of plum cultivars grown along the fjord areas of Western Norway and Eastern Norway, having specific agroclimatic conditions. Chemical analysis of the fruits confirmed the contents of 13 quantified elements, 22 sugar compounds, 11 organic acids, 19 phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity in 68 plum cultivars. Dominated contents were noted for nitrogen (with the maximum mean value of 3.11%), potassium (8055.80 mg/kg), and phosphorous (7878.88 mg/kg). Averagely, the highest level of sugars was determined for glucose (244.46 g/kg), fructose (197.92 g/kg), sucrose (208.25 g/kg), and sorbitol (98.02 g/kg), organic acids for malic acid (24.06 g/kg), and for polyphenol compounds were 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (66.31 mg/kg), and rutin (58.06 mg/kg). Applied principal component analysis has been useful for distinguishing the plum cultivars from three areas in Norway where copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, and sodium; sucrose, ribose, maltose, and raffinose; p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, ferulic acid, kaempferol 7-O-glucoside, p-coumaric acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid were the most influential. In regard to human health and future breeding work that will have the aim to produce functional food with high health-related compounds, the plum cultivar ‘Mallard’ should be underlined due to the high level of elements, ‘Valor’ due to high sugar content, ‘Helgøyplomme’ due to content of organic acids, and ‘Diamond’ due to the content of phenolic compounds.
Keywords: Prunus domestica L.; sugar; organic acid; polyphenols; minerals; antioxidant activities; principal component analysis Prunus domestica L.; sugar; organic acid; polyphenols; minerals; antioxidant activities; principal component analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fotirić Akšić, M.; Tešić, Ž.; Kalaba, M.; Ćirić, I.; Pezo, L.; Lončar, B.; Gašić, U.; Dojčinović, B.; Tosti, T.; Meland, M. Breakthrough Analysis of Chemical Composition and Applied Chemometrics of European Plum Cultivars Grown in Norway. Horticulturae 2023, 9, 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040477

AMA Style

Fotirić Akšić M, Tešić Ž, Kalaba M, Ćirić I, Pezo L, Lončar B, Gašić U, Dojčinović B, Tosti T, Meland M. Breakthrough Analysis of Chemical Composition and Applied Chemometrics of European Plum Cultivars Grown in Norway. Horticulturae. 2023; 9(4):477. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040477

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fotirić Akšić, Milica, Živoslav Tešić, Milica Kalaba, Ivanka Ćirić, Lato Pezo, Biljana Lončar, Uroš Gašić, Biljana Dojčinović, Tomislav Tosti, and Mekjell Meland. 2023. "Breakthrough Analysis of Chemical Composition and Applied Chemometrics of European Plum Cultivars Grown in Norway" Horticulturae 9, no. 4: 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040477

APA Style

Fotirić Akšić, M., Tešić, Ž., Kalaba, M., Ćirić, I., Pezo, L., Lončar, B., Gašić, U., Dojčinović, B., Tosti, T., & Meland, M. (2023). Breakthrough Analysis of Chemical Composition and Applied Chemometrics of European Plum Cultivars Grown in Norway. Horticulturae, 9(4), 477. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040477

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