Combining Ability on Yields, Capsinoids and Capsaicinoids in Pepper Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Experimental Design
2.2. Determination of Capsinoids and Capsaicinoids
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Combining Ability Analysis
3.2. General Combining Ability (GCA)
3.3. Specific Combining Ability (SCA)
3.4. Correlation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Varieties | Pedigree Name | Sum CATs and Sum CAPs Levels | Source | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Female parents | 101 | 509-45-16-1-1-1 | High Sum CATs | USDA, USA |
102 | Jindanil 80 | Medium Sum CATs | KKU, Thailand | |
103 | YTP18-1-10-13-1-1 | Low Sum CATs | KKU, Thailand | |
Male parents | 201 | Perennial | High Sum CAPs | USDA, USA |
202 | Yodsonkhem 80 | Medium Sum CAPs | KKU, Thailand | |
203 | Yuyi 80 | Low Sum CAPs | KKU, Thailand | |
Commercial cultivar check | 301 | Super-hot | Medium Sum CAPs | East-West Seed |
Source of Variation | df | Mean Squares [Percentage of Sum Squares] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fresh Yield (g/plant) | Dry Yield (g/plant) | Sum CAPs (µg/g DW) | CAT (µg/g DW) | DI-CAT (µg/g DW) | Sum CATs (µg/g DW) | CAT Yield (mg/plant) | ||
Replication | 2 | 1000.0 | 114.2 | 3433.9 | 1.6 | 0.01 | 1.6 | 12.8 |
[0.5] | [0.4] | [0.0] | [0.0] | [0.0] | [0.0] | [0.0] | ||
Environment (E) | 1 | 120,362.0 ** | 11,016.2 ** | 161,801.0 ** | 2511.9 ** | 43.6 ** | 3217.6 ** | 5558.9 ** |
[27.7] | [18.7] | [0.0] | [1.6] | [3.3] | [1.8] | [4.6] | ||
GCA Male | 2 | 26,538.0 ** | 1206.6 ** | 191,100,000.0 ** | 14,583.2 ** | 53.7 ** | 16,342.4 ** | 11,960.9 ** |
[12.2] | [4.1] | [91.2] | [18.5] | [8.0] | [18.7] | [19.6] | ||
GCA Female | 2 | 9908.0 ** | 1373.0 ** | 8,564,656.0 ** | 46,575.8 ** | 176.6 ** | 52,127.0 ** | 35,248.9 ** |
[4.6] | [4.7] | [4.1] | [59.1] | [26.3] | [59.8] | [57.8] | ||
SCA | 4 | 37,828.0 ** | 8683.3 ** | 2,744,214.0 ** | 7417.2 ** | 180.3 ** | 7545.0 ** | 4226.9 ** |
[34.8] | [59.0] | [2.6] | [0.4] | [53.7] | [17.3] | [13.9] | ||
GCA Male × E | 2 | 768.0 ns | 80.4 ns | 1,903,591.0 ** | 291.0 ** | 13.6 ** | 424.6 ** | 340.5 ** |
[0.4] | [0.3] | [0.9] | [0.7] | [2.0] | [0.5] | [0.6] | ||
GCA Female × E | 2 | 3564.0 ** | 616.6 ** | 273,700.0 ** | 552.5 ** | 16.2 ** | 722.6 ** | 998.4 ** |
[1.6] | [2.1] | [0.1] | [18.8] | [2.4] | [0.8] | [1.6] | ||
SCA × E | 4 | 16,319.0 ** | 1258.6 ** | 949,474.0 ** | 99.4 * | 12.2 ** | 145.9 ** | 319.9 ** |
[15.0] | [8.5] | [0.9] | [0.3] | [3.6] | [0.3] | [1.1] | ||
Pooled Error | 34 | 419.0 | 38.9 | 7927.1 | 30.9 | 0.2 | 34.8 | 29.6 |
[3.3] | [2.2] | [0.1] | [0.7] | [0.6] | [0.7] | [0.8] | ||
%SS GCA Male | 23.7 | 6.0 | 93.2 | 23.7 | 9.1 | 19.6 | 21.5 | |
%SS GCA Female | 8.8 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 75.8 | 29.9 | 62.4 | 63.3 | |
%SS SCA | 67.5 | 87.1 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 61.0 | 18.1 | 15.2 | |
CV (%) | 4.0 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 9.2 | 10.5 |
Varieties | Fresh Yield (g/plant) | Dry Yield (g/plant) | Sum CAPs (µg/plant) | CAT (µg/g DW) | DI-CAT (µg/g DW) | Sum CATs (µg/g DW) | CAT Yield (mg/plant) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | |
101 | 348.9 g | 519.0 df | 116.3 f | 173.0 df | 0.0 h | 0.0 l | 731.4 a | 924.9 a | 508.4 a | 627.3 a | 1240.0 a | 1552.2 a | 720.9 a | 1344.7 a |
102 | 468.9 d | 483.0 fg | 156.3 d | 161.1 fg | 1777.9 g | 2519.6 h | 82.6 cd | 151.7 b | 74.3 b | 98.3 b | 156.9 b | 250.0 b | 123.2 b | 201.5 b |
103 | 344.2 g | 551.0 be | 114.8 f | 183.6 bd | 1919.6 g | 2358.5 h | 48.8 e | 60.7 d | 45.9 c | 6.3 e | 94.7 e | 67.0 ef | 54.3 cd | 61.5 dg |
201 | 306.2 h | 507.0 ef | 102.1 g | 168.9 ef | 6616.3 b | 7322.4 b | 12.6 gi | 16.0 ef | 11.9 e | 14.0 de | 24.5 g | 29.9 gh | 12.5 fg | 25.3 fg |
202 | 283.1 h | 455.0 g | 94.4 g | 151.6 gh | 5176.6 d | 5248.8 f | 32.5 f | 50.2 d | 32.2 d | 47.4 c | 64.7 f | 97.6 de | 30.5 df | 73.9 df |
203 | 535.3 bc | 661.0 a | 178.5 bc | 220.3 a | 64.7.0 h | 73.3 kl | 2.4 i | 3.0 f | 2.1 f | 2.5 e | 4.6 hi | 5.6 gh | 4.0 fg | 6.1 g |
101/201 | 557.2 b | 562.0 bd | 185.7 b | 187.5 bc | 7726.6 a | 7999.3 a | 77.3 d | 93.9 c | 4.5 ef | 5.5 e | 81.8 e | 99.4 de | 76.0 c | 93.2 de |
101/202 | 547.6 b | 549 be | 182.5 b | 179.8 be | 5925.3 c | 6338.2 d | 123.6 b | 160.5 b | 12.1 e | 21.8 d | 135.8 c | 182.4 c | 123.5 b | 164.1 bc |
101/203 | 373.5 fg | 568.0 bc | 93.4 g | 141.9 h | 196.7 h | 204.8 jk | 93.7 c | 110.3 c | 2.3 f | 3.5 e | 96.1 e | 113.9 d | 44.8 de | 80.8 df |
102/201 | 433.6 e | 655.0 a | 144.5 e | 211.6 a | 6686.5 b | 6943.2 c | 24.2 fg | 39.8 de | 1.2 f | 1.4 e | 25.3 g | 41.2 fg | 18.3 fg | 43.6 eg |
102/202 | 360.8 g | 482.0 fg | 120.3 f | 160.5 fg | 5139.3 d | 6273.0 de | 116.9 b | 146.7 b | 1.7 f | 3.1 e | 118.6 d | 149.9 c | 71.4 c | 120.4 cd |
102/203 | 632.0 a | 660.0 a | 210.7 a | 219.9 a | 2396.9 f | 1483.4 i | 14.1 gi | 16.6 ef | 6.4 ef | 7.3 e | 20.5 gh | 23.9 gh | 21.6 eg | 26.4 fg |
103/201 | 422.9 e | 517.0 df | 141.0 e | 172.5 df | 5788.3 c | 6136.4 e | 17.8 gh | 20.8 ef | 3.5 ef | 4.7 e | 21.4 gh | 25.5 gh | 15.0 fg | 22.0 fg |
103/202 | 402.4 ef | 523.0 cf | 134.1 e | 174.2 cf | 4072.5 e | 4472.2 g | 1.7 i | 2.4 f | 0.6 f | 0.9 e | 2.4 i | 3.3 h | 1.6 i | 2.8 g |
103/203 | 511.5 c | 576.0 b | 170.5 c | 192.0 b | 231.7 h | 298.6 j | 2.6 i | 3.7 f | 2.3 f | 2.5 e | 4.9 hi | 6.2 gh | 4.2 fg | 6.0 g |
301 | 465.9 d | 479.0 fg | 159.1 d | 161.9 fg | 2199.6 f | 2512.9 h | 4.9 hi | 5.2 f | 3.5 ef | 3.6 e | 8.4 gi | 8.8 gh | 6.7 fg | 7.1 g |
CV (%) | 4.4 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 9.0 | 14.0 | 10.7 | 14.1 | 10.7 | 12.1 | 17.3 | 24.6 |
F-test | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** | ** |
Parents | Fresh Yield (g/plant) | Dry Yield (g/plant) | Sum CAPs (µg/g DW) | CAT (µg/g DW) | DI-CAT (µg/g DW) | Sum CATs (µg/g DW) | CAT Yield (mg/plant) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | |
101 | 21.5 * | −5.9 | 0.2 | −12.5 ** | 375.8 | −911.0 | 45.8 ** | 55.5 ** | 2.5 ** | 4.6 ** | 48.3 ** | 60.2 ** | 39.6 ** | 50.6 ** |
102 | 4.2 | 33.0 * | 4.9 ** | 15.1 ** | 500.5 | 920.9 | −0.7 | 1.6 | −0.7 | −1.7 | −1.5 | −0.1 | −4.7 | 1.3 |
103 | −25.7 * | −27.1 * | −5.1 ** | −2.6 | −876.3 | −9.9 | −45.1 ** | −57.1 ** | −1.7 * | −2.9 * | −46.7 ** | −60.1 ** | −34.9 ** | −51.9 ** |
201 | −0.1 | 12.5 | 3.4 | 8.3 * | 2493.4 ** | 3380.6 ** | −12.7 | −14.6 | −0.8 | −1.8 | −13.5 | −16.4 | −5.4 | −9.2 |
202 | −34.4 ** | −47.9 ** | −8.0 ** | −10.7 * | 805.3 | −63.9 | 28.3 * | 37.1 * | 1.0 | 3.0 * | 29.3 * | 40.1 * | 23.7 * | 33.6 * |
203 | 34.4 ** | 35.4 ** | 4.6 | 2.4 | −3298.7 ** | −3316.7 ** | −15.6 | −22.5 | −0.2 | −1.2 | −15.8 | −23.7 | −18.3 * | −24.4 |
The Crosses | Fresh Yield | Dry Yield | Sum CAPs | CAT | DI-CAT | Sum CATs | CAT Yield | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(g/plant) | (g/plant) | (µg/g DW) | (µg/g DW) | (µg/g DW) | (µg/g DW) | (mg/plant) | ||||||||
KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | KU | KKU | |
101/201 | 64.5 ** | −9.9 ** | 28.4 ** | 9.4 ** | 617.0 ** | 475.5 ** | −8.2 ** | −13.1 ** | −1.0 ** | −3.0 ** | −9.3 ** | −16.1 ** | 0.0 | −10.3 ** |
101/202 | 89.2 ** | 37.4 ** | 36.6 ** | 20.8 ** | 503.8 ** | 146.2 ** | −2.9 | 1.8 | 4.8 ** | 8.6 ** | 1.9 | 10.4 ** | 18.4 ** | 17.8 ** |
101/203 | −153.7 ** | −27.6 ** | −65.0 ** | −30.2 ** | −1120.8 ** | −621.7 ** | 11.1 ** | 11.3 ** | −3.8 | −5.6 ** | 7.3 ** | 5.7 * | −18.3 ** | −7.5 ** |
102/201 | −41.9 ** | 43.6 ** | −17.4 ** | 5.9 ** | −547.8 ** | −299.7 ** | −14.9 ** | −13.3 ** | −1.1 ** | −0.8 | −16.0 ** | −14.1 ** | −13.4 ** | −10.7 ** |
102/202 | −80.3 ** | −69.3 ** | −30.2 ** | −26.1 ** | −406.9 ** | 361.9 ** | 36.9 ** | 41.9 ** | −2.4 ** | −3.8 ** | 34.5 ** | 38.1 ** | 10.6 ** | 23.3 ** |
102/203 | 122.2 ** | 25.7 ** | 47.6 ** | 20.2 ** | 954.7 ** | −62.2 | −22.0 ** | −28.6 ** | 3.5 * | 4.6 ** | −18.5 ** | −24.0 ** | 2.8 | −12.7 ** |
103/201 | −22.6 ** | −33.7 ** | −11.0 ** | −15.4 ** | −69.2 | −175.7 ** | 23.1 ** | 26.4 ** | 2.1 ** | 3.8 ** | 25.3 ** | 30.2 ** | 13.5 ** | 20.9 ** |
103/202 | −8.9 | 31.8 ** | −6.4 * | 5.3 ** | −96.9 | −508.1 ** | −34.0 ** | −43.7 ** | −2.5 ** | −4.8 ** | −36.5 ** | −48.5 ** | −29.0 ** | −41.1 ** |
103/203 | 31.5 ** | 1.9 | 17.4 ** | 10.0 ** | 166.2 ** | 683.8 ** | 10.9 ** | 17.3 ** | 0.3 | 1.0* | 11.1 ** | 18.3 ** | 15.6 ** | 20.1 ** |
Fresh Yield | Dry Yield | Sum CAPs | CAT | DI-CAT | Sum CATs | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dry yield | 0.987 ** | |||||
Sum CAPs | 0.180 | 0.217 | ||||
CAT | −0.071 | −0.076 | −0.240 | |||
DI-CAT | −0.121 | −0.108 | −0.323 | 0.967 ** | ||
Sum CATs | −0.091 | −0.088 | −0.276 | 0.994 ** | 0.989 ** | |
CAT yield | −0.053 | −0.047 | −0.248 | 0.994 ** | 0.981 ** | 0.996 ** |
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Tarinta, T.; Chanthai, S.; Nawata, E.; Techawongstien, S. Combining Ability on Yields, Capsinoids and Capsaicinoids in Pepper Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.). Horticulturae 2023, 9, 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091043
Tarinta T, Chanthai S, Nawata E, Techawongstien S. Combining Ability on Yields, Capsinoids and Capsaicinoids in Pepper Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.). Horticulturae. 2023; 9(9):1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091043
Chicago/Turabian StyleTarinta, Tanyarat, Saksit Chanthai, Eiji Nawata, and Suchila Techawongstien. 2023. "Combining Ability on Yields, Capsinoids and Capsaicinoids in Pepper Varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)" Horticulturae 9, no. 9: 1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9091043