Addition of a Polar, Porous Phase-Inversion-PVDF Membrane to Lithium–Sulfur Cells (LSBs) Already with a Microporous Polypropylene Separator Enhances the Battery Performance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1st voltage plateau | 3 S8 + 6 Li+ + 6 e− ↔ 3 Li2S8 |
sulfur utilization | 3 Li2S8 +2 Li+ + 2 e− ↔ 4 Li2S6 |
4 Li2S6 + 4 Li++ 4 e− ↔ 6 Li2S4 | |
2nd voltage plateau | 6 Li2S4 + 12 Li+ + 12 e− ↔ 12 Li2S2 |
polysulfide conversion | 12 Li2S2 + 24 Li+ + 24 e− ↔ 24 Li2S |
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials
2.2. PVDF Membrane Fabrication by Phase Inversion
2.3. Film Characterization
2.4. Membrane Porosity and Electrolyte Uptake
2.5. Electrodes and Electrochemical Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the PVDF Membrane
3.2. Visual Studies of Polysulfide Permeation through Separator Membranes
3.3. CV Traces and the First GDC Cycle
3.4. Detailed Electrochemical Cycling Studies of LSBs with the Hybrid Separator Combination and with PP Only
3.5. EIS Investigation of Cells before and after 100 Cycles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Mohammad, I.; Barter, L.D.J.; Crean, C.; Slade, R.C.T. Addition of a Polar, Porous Phase-Inversion-PVDF Membrane to Lithium–Sulfur Cells (LSBs) Already with a Microporous Polypropylene Separator Enhances the Battery Performance. Batteries 2024, 10, 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080293
Mohammad I, Barter LDJ, Crean C, Slade RCT. Addition of a Polar, Porous Phase-Inversion-PVDF Membrane to Lithium–Sulfur Cells (LSBs) Already with a Microporous Polypropylene Separator Enhances the Battery Performance. Batteries. 2024; 10(8):293. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080293
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad, Irshad, Luke D. J. Barter, Carol Crean, and Robert C. T. Slade. 2024. "Addition of a Polar, Porous Phase-Inversion-PVDF Membrane to Lithium–Sulfur Cells (LSBs) Already with a Microporous Polypropylene Separator Enhances the Battery Performance" Batteries 10, no. 8: 293. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080293