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Volume 8
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Article

Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly

by
Juan Asenjo-Pascual
1,*,
Ivan Salmeron-Sanchez
1,
Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno
1,
Pablo Mauleón
1,2,
Petr Mazur
3,4 and
Pilar Ocón
1
1
Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
2
Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), C/Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
3
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague 6, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
4
New Technologies—Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Univerzitní 8, 306 14 Plzeň, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Batteries 2022, 8(10), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100193
Submission received: 12 September 2022 / Revised: 10 October 2022 / Accepted: 13 October 2022 / Published: 19 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanistic Understanding of Electrochemical and Chemical Reactions in Batteries with Operando and In-Situ Methods)
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Abstract

The implementation of renewable energies into the electrical grid is one of our best options to mitigate the climate change. Redox flow batteries (RFB) are one of the most promising candidates for energy storage due to their scalability, durability and low cost. Despite this, just few studies have explained the basic concepts of RFBs and even fewer have reviewed the experimental conditions that are crucial for their development. This work aspired to be a helpful guide for beginner researchers who want to work in this exciting field. This guided tour aimed to clearly explain all the components and parameters of RFBs. Using a well-studied chemistry of anthraquinone (AQDS)-based anolyte and Na4[Fe(CN)6] catholyte, different techniques for the characterization of RFBs were described. The effects of some experimental parameters on battery performance such as electrolyte pH, O2 presence, membrane pretreatment and the capacity limiting side, were demonstrated. Furthermore, this analysis served to introduce different electrochemical techniques, i.e., load curve measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge–discharge cycling tests. This work aimed to be the nexus between the basic concepts and the first experimental steps in the RFB field merging theory and experimental data.
Keywords: aqueous organic redox flow batteries; energy storage; redox-active molecule; anthraquinone disulfonate; hexacyanoferrate; load curves; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; galvanostatic cycling; efficiency; area-specific resistance; capacity decay; degradation; characterization; experimental tour aqueous organic redox flow batteries; energy storage; redox-active molecule; anthraquinone disulfonate; hexacyanoferrate; load curves; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; galvanostatic cycling; efficiency; area-specific resistance; capacity decay; degradation; characterization; experimental tour

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MDPI and ACS Style

Asenjo-Pascual, J.; Salmeron-Sanchez, I.; Avilés-Moreno, J.R.; Mauleón, P.; Mazur, P.; Ocón, P. Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly. Batteries 2022, 8, 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100193

AMA Style

Asenjo-Pascual J, Salmeron-Sanchez I, Avilés-Moreno JR, Mauleón P, Mazur P, Ocón P. Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly. Batteries. 2022; 8(10):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100193

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asenjo-Pascual, Juan, Ivan Salmeron-Sanchez, Juan Ramón Avilés-Moreno, Pablo Mauleón, Petr Mazur, and Pilar Ocón. 2022. "Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly" Batteries 8, no. 10: 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100193

APA Style

Asenjo-Pascual, J., Salmeron-Sanchez, I., Avilés-Moreno, J. R., Mauleón, P., Mazur, P., & Ocón, P. (2022). Understanding Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries: A Guided Experimental Tour from Components Characterization to Final Assembly. Batteries, 8(10), 193. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries8100193

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