Next Article in Journal
Biomimetic Orthopedic Footwear Advanced Insole Materials to Be Used in Medical Casts for Weight-Bearing Monitoring
Previous Article in Journal
A Subtraction-Average-Based Optimizer for Solving Engineering Problems with Applications on TCSC Allocation in Power Systems
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
Biomimetics
Volume 8
Issue 4
10.3390/biomimetics8040333
biomimetics-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition

by
Abdulaziz A. Alanazi
1,
Fahad Abdulaziz
2,
Mohammed Alyami
3,
Satam Alotibi
3,
Salah Sakka
4,
Saida Abu Mallouh
5,
Rund Abu-Zurayk
5 and
Mazen Alshaaer
3,6,*
1
Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
2
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Physics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
5
Nanotechnology Center-Hamdi Mango Center for Scientific Research, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
6
Department Mechanics of Materials and Constructions (MEMC), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomimetics 2023, 8(4), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040333
Submission received: 18 June 2023 / Revised: 19 July 2023 / Accepted: 24 July 2023 / Published: 28 July 2023
Browse Figures
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of a complete exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ ions on the structure of brushite (CaHPO4·2H2O), which might be advantageous in the production process of CaxZn1−xHPO4·nH2O. To acquire the starting solutions needed for the current study, (NH4)2HPO4, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, and Zn(NO3)2·6H2O were utilized in several molar concentrations. The findings indicate that Ca is partly substituted by Zn when the Zn/Ca molar ratio is below 0.25 and that Zn doping hinders the crystallization of brushite. A continued increase in the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1 (at which point the supersaturation of the Zn solution rises) led to a biphasic compound of monoclinic brushite and parascholzite precipitate. Elevating the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 1.5 resulted in a precipitate of a parascholzite-like mineral. Finally, increasing the Zn/Ca molar ratio to 4 and above resulted in the formation of the hopeite mineral. Future biomaterial production with specific and bespoke characteristics can be achieved by adjusting the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution. It Rhas been established that the Zn/Ca ratio in the starting solution can be adjusted to obtain minerals with specific compositions. Thus, new synthesis methods for parascholzite and hopeite were introduced for the first time in this manuscript.
Keywords: brushite; parascholzite; hopeite; biomaterials; SEM; Zn brushite; parascholzite; hopeite; biomaterials; SEM; Zn

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Alanazi, A.A.; Abdulaziz, F.; Alyami, M.; Alotibi, S.; Sakka, S.; Mallouh, S.A.; Abu-Zurayk, R.; Alshaaer, M. The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition. Biomimetics 2023, 8, 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040333

AMA Style

Alanazi AA, Abdulaziz F, Alyami M, Alotibi S, Sakka S, Mallouh SA, Abu-Zurayk R, Alshaaer M. The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition. Biomimetics. 2023; 8(4):333. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040333

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alanazi, Abdulaziz A., Fahad Abdulaziz, Mohammed Alyami, Satam Alotibi, Salah Sakka, Saida Abu Mallouh, Rund Abu-Zurayk, and Mazen Alshaaer. 2023. "The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition" Biomimetics 8, no. 4: 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040333

APA Style

Alanazi, A. A., Abdulaziz, F., Alyami, M., Alotibi, S., Sakka, S., Mallouh, S. A., Abu-Zurayk, R., & Alshaaer, M. (2023). The Effect of Full-Scale Exchange of Ca2+ with Zn2+ Ions on the Crystal Structure of Brushite and Its Phase Composition. Biomimetics, 8(4), 333. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8040333

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop