Using Constrained-Disorder Principle-Based Systems to Improve the Performance of Digital Twins in Biological Systems

Round 1

Reviewer 1 Report

The article under review is an exploration of the topic of using digital twins in bioengineering applications.

The article provides potentially interesting insights into ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy and efficiency of digital twin systems. However, to strengthen its impact, the authors might consider incorporating a better state of the art in DT. For example, this paper should reiterate the principles of DT [1] rather than giving specific examples or case studies demonstrating successful applications of digital twins, particularly in bioengineering. Such concrete examples would provide tangible evidence of the technology's practical impact and reinforce its transformative potential in this field.

In addition, a fuller discussion of the challenges associated with incorporating variability [1] into digital twin models would be beneficial. By exploring these obstacles and potential solutions, the article can offer a more nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in this field, guiding researchers and practitioners towards effective strategies for overcoming obstacles.

In conclusion, the article presents information on the importance of digital twins and their potential applications in bioengineering. It offers a perspective on the role of noise and variability, highlighting the importance of taking these factors into account for the future design of digital twin systems.

With an improved scientific approach and constructive ideas, this article may be worthy of publication in this journal, as it makes a significant contribution to the current discourse on digital twins and their indispensable role in advancing complex biological systems.

[1] Souad Rabah, Grégory Zacharewicz, Vincent Chapurlat. Digital Twin for Services (DT4S): Conceptual Strategy. 10th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control (MIM) 2022, IMT Atlantique, Nantes, Jun 2022, Nantes, France. pp.3256-3261, ⟨10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.136⟩

 

No comment

Author Response

The article under review is an exploration of the topic of using digital twins in bioengineering applications.

The article provides potentially interesting insights into ongoing efforts to improve the accuracy and efficiency of digital twin systems. However, to strengthen its impact, the authors might consider incorporating a better state of the art in DT. For example, this paper should reiterate the principles of DT [1] rather than giving specific examples or case studies demonstrating successful applications of digital twins, particularly in bioengineering. Such concrete examples would provide tangible evidence of the technology's practical impact and reinforce its transformative potential in this field.

 

Response: We accept the comment. The suggested reference was included, and the relevant paragraph on the use of DT was revised as proposed. We have also included examples of using DT in healthcare and dedicated a section for this topic as proposed to describe specific examples.

In addition, a fuller discussion of the challenges associated with incorporating variability [1] into digital twin models would be beneficial. By exploring these obstacles and potential solutions, the article can offer a more nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in this field, guiding researchers and practitioners towards effective strategies for overcoming obstacles.

 

Response: The authors accept the comment. The relevant section was revised to discuss the challenges of variability in models. In light of the comment, we have revised the relevant paragraphs to describe the potential of using biological noise to improve DT accuracy.

In conclusion, the article presents information on the importance of digital twins and their potential applications in bioengineering. It offers a perspective on the role of noise and variability, highlighting the importance of taking these factors into account for the future design of digital twin systems. With an improved scientific approach and constructive ideas, this article may be worthy of publication in this journal, as it makes a significant contribution to the current discourse on digital twins and their indispensable role in advancing complex biological systems.

 

Response: The relevant paragraphs on the methods for overcoming the challenges of using DT in biology were revised as suggested for improved clarity.

[1] Souad Rabah, Grégory Zacharewicz, Vincent Chapurlat. Digital Twin for Services (DT4S): Conceptual Strategy. 10th IFAC Conference on Manufacturing Modelling, Management and Control (MIM) 2022, IMT Atlantique, Nantes, Jun 2022, Nantes, France. pp.3256-3261, ⟨10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.136⟩

Response: The reference was included.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 2 Report

The aim of this paper is to review the current research and summarize the future development of using constrained-disorder principle-based systems to improve  the performance of digital twins. However, there are only concepts statements about digital twin and their application in biological engineering. I didn't see many review and comments on research about constrained-disorder principle and how to improve the performance. 

The authors have to make a clear review and comments on constrained-disorder principle, digital twin system in biological system, not only just texts, but also figures, tables and so on. And also indicate what kinds of digital twin system have been investigated and how to use CDP to improve the performance in digital twin system. Please not just explain the concept, summerize the valuable research cased and results.  

Author Response

The aim of this paper is to review the current research and summarize the future development of using constrained-disorder principle-based systems to improve  the performance of digital twins. However, there are only concepts statements about digital twin and their application in biological engineering. I didn't see many review and comments on research about constrained-disorder principle and how to improve the performance. 

Response: The authors accept the remark. We have revised the relevant sections and included several examples for using the CDP-based second-generation AI system in patients with chronic diseases. The appropriate references were included.

The authors have to make a clear review and comments on constrained-disorder principle, digital twin system in biological system, not only just texts, but also figures, tables and so on. And also indicate what kinds of digital twin system have been investigated and how to use CDP to improve the performance in digital twin system. Please not just explain the concept, summarize the valuable research cased and results. 

Response: We accept the comment. The figure was revised to schematically describe the use of the CDP-based system for improving the accuracy of digital twins. Several relevant sections were revised in light of the comment for improved clarity.

Author Response File: Author Response.docx

Reviewer 3 Report

The results of the study are worthy of publication

Author Response

The authors thank the reviewer.

Round 2

Reviewer 1 Report

It is important to note that the definition of a digital twin (DT) provided in this document differs from the conventional definition of a DT as a key tool for digital transformation in the manufacturing industry.
According to the conventional definition, a DT is a virtual representation of a physical good, process or product.
A DT is a virtual representation of a physical asset, process or system that enables real-time monitoring, analysis and optimization.
I recommend placing the work in a better context with this fundamental document by Kritzinger:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405896318316021
It's important to take stock of the state of the art in DT.
Especially since this article deals with the role of noise in complex systems and its use in bioengineering.

English is quite Ok

Author Response

The authors accept the comment. We have included a paragraph describing the proposed definition of DT, and the reference was included as suggested.

Author Response File: Author Response.pdf

Reviewer 2 Report

The author answered or revised most of the comments.

Author Response

Thank you