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Article

Adaptive Circadian Rhythms for Autonomous and Biologically Inspired Robot Behavior

by
Marcos Maroto-Gómez
*,
María Malfaz
,
Álvaro Castro-González
,
Sara Carrasco-Martínez
and
Miguel Ángel Salichs
Systems Engineering and Automation, University Carlos III of Madrid, Av. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomimetics 2023, 8(5), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8050413
Submission received: 31 July 2023 / Revised: 29 August 2023 / Accepted: 1 September 2023 / Published: 6 September 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Human-Robot Interaction)

Abstract

Biological rhythms are periodic internal variations of living organisms that act as adaptive responses to environmental changes. The human pacemaker is the suprachiasmatic nucleus, a brain region involved in biological functions like homeostasis or emotion. Biological rhythms are ultradian (<24 h), circadian (∼24 h), or infradian (>24 h) depending on their period. Circadian rhythms are the most studied since they regulate daily sleep, emotion, and activity. Ambient and internal stimuli, such as light or activity, influence the timing and the period of biological rhythms, making our bodies adapt to dynamic situations. Nowadays, robots experience unceasing development, assisting us in many tasks. Due to the dynamic conditions of social environments and human-robot interaction, robots exhibiting adaptive behavior have more possibilities to engage users by emulating human social skills. This paper presents a biologically inspired model based on circadian biorhythms for autonomous and adaptive robot behavior. The model uses the Dynamic Circadian Integrated Response Characteristic method to mimic human biology and control artificial biologically inspired functions influencing the robot’s decision-making. The robot’s clock adapts to light, ambient noise, and user activity, synchronizing the robot’s behavior to the ambient conditions. The results show the adaptive response of the model to time shifts and seasonal changes of different ambient stimuli while regulating simulated hormones that are key in sleep/activity timing, stress, and autonomic basal heartbeat control during the day.
Keywords: biological rhythms; robotics; artificial intelligence; autonomous and adaptive behavior; social robotics biological rhythms; robotics; artificial intelligence; autonomous and adaptive behavior; social robotics

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Maroto-Gómez, M.; Malfaz, M.; Castro-González, Á.; Carrasco-Martínez, S.; Salichs, M.Á. Adaptive Circadian Rhythms for Autonomous and Biologically Inspired Robot Behavior. Biomimetics 2023, 8, 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8050413

AMA Style

Maroto-Gómez M, Malfaz M, Castro-González Á, Carrasco-Martínez S, Salichs MÁ. Adaptive Circadian Rhythms for Autonomous and Biologically Inspired Robot Behavior. Biomimetics. 2023; 8(5):413. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8050413

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maroto-Gómez, Marcos, María Malfaz, Álvaro Castro-González, Sara Carrasco-Martínez, and Miguel Ángel Salichs. 2023. "Adaptive Circadian Rhythms for Autonomous and Biologically Inspired Robot Behavior" Biomimetics 8, no. 5: 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8050413

APA Style

Maroto-Gómez, M., Malfaz, M., Castro-González, Á., Carrasco-Martínez, S., & Salichs, M. Á. (2023). Adaptive Circadian Rhythms for Autonomous and Biologically Inspired Robot Behavior. Biomimetics, 8(5), 413. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8050413

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