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Article

The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping

by
Nayeon Lee
1,*,
Sungkwang Mun
1,
Kyle L. Johnson
2 and
Mark F. Horstemeyer
3
1
Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
2
Engineering Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA
3
School of Engineering, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomimetics 2024, 9(8), 506; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080506
Submission received: 3 June 2024 / Revised: 8 August 2024 / Accepted: 15 August 2024 / Published: 22 August 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bionic Design & Lightweight Engineering)

Abstract

This study explores the damping effects of ram horn ridges on mechanical impacts resulting from ramming. We measured the amplitudes and frequencies of ridges along the axial (pitch) direction of the ridges of ram horns obtained from eight specimens across six different species. While the horns shared a similar spiral-shaped pattern with surface ridges, our findings show variations among the horns, including ridge spacing and growth trends. Additionally, we employed finite element analysis (FEA) to compare a ridged horn model with a non-ridged counterpart to provide an understanding of the damping characteristics of the surface ridges. Our FEA results reveal that the ridged horn decreased the initial ramming pressure by 20.7%, increased the shear stress by 66.9%, and decreased the axial strain by 27.3%, the radial strain by 16.7%, and the shear strain by 14.3% at a 50 ms impact duration compared to those of the non-ridged horn. The damping ratio was increased by 7.9% because of the ridges. This study elucidates three primary functions of the different species of ram horns’ spirals and ridges: (1) to transfer longitudinal waves into shear waves, (2) to filter shear waves, and (3) to stabilize the structure by mitigating excessive strain.
Keywords: ram horn; impact dissipation; bio-inspired design; damping; shear filtering ram horn; impact dissipation; bio-inspired design; damping; shear filtering

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, N.; Mun, S.; Johnson, K.L.; Horstemeyer, M.F. The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping. Biomimetics 2024, 9, 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080506

AMA Style

Lee N, Mun S, Johnson KL, Horstemeyer MF. The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping. Biomimetics. 2024; 9(8):506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080506

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Nayeon, Sungkwang Mun, Kyle L. Johnson, and Mark F. Horstemeyer. 2024. "The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping" Biomimetics 9, no. 8: 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080506

APA Style

Lee, N., Mun, S., Johnson, K. L., & Horstemeyer, M. F. (2024). The Function of Horn Ridges for Impact Damping. Biomimetics, 9(8), 506. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9080506

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