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Article

Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil

by
Aaronson Ramathan Freitas
1,
Ruana Renostro Delai
1,
Louise Bach Kmetiuk
2,
Evelyn Cristine da Silva
3,
Rafaella Martini
1,
Ana Pérola Drulla Brandão
4,
Rogério Giuffrida
5,
Ivan Roque de Barros-Filho
1,
Rodrigo Costa da Silva
5,
Hélio Langoni
3,
Fabiano Borges Figueiredo
2,
Cláudia Turra Pimpão
6,
Andrea Pires Dos Santos
7,
Vamilton Alvares Santarém
5 and
Alexander Welker Biondo
1,7,*
1
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná State, Curitiba 80035-050, PR, Brazil
2
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba 81310-020, PR, Brazil
3
Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618-681, SP, Brazil
4
Department of Preventive Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil
5
Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Western São Paulo, São Paulo 190019-70, SP, Brazil
6
Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80230-130, PR, Brazil
7
Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7(10), 252; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100252
Submission received: 5 July 2022 / Revised: 2 August 2022 / Accepted: 11 August 2022 / Published: 20 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Toxoplasmosis)
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Abstract

Although toxoplasmosis has been considered among the most neglected zoonoses worldwide, no study has focused on the frequency and associated risk factors of owners and their dogs living on an island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies were screened by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) in owners and dogs from three oceanic islands and two nearby mainland harbor areas, with associated risk factors for toxoplasmosis assessed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, anti-T. gondii seropositivity was observed in 59/328 (18.0%) owners and 66/283 (23.3%) dogs, with no statistical difference between owners (p = 0.360) and dogs (p = 0.655) from islands and mainland areas. Consumption of local water springs (p = 0.016; OR = 2.11) was an associated risk factor for T. gondii seropositivity, and owners with the habit of spring water intake were twice more likely seropositive (p = 0.014; OR = 2.14). Presence of anti-T. gondii antibodies in dogs was associated with seropositive owners (p = 0.008; OR = 2.81), household consumption of beef meat (p = 0.042; OR = 1.7) and chicken (p = 0.026; OR = 2.9). Despite being lower than the worldwide prevalence, toxoplasmosis seropositivity in owners and their dogs in southern Brazil was influenced by the positive owner, water source, and meat consumption, and not by inhabiting islands or seashore mainland areas, presence of dogs, cats, or both. In addition, drinking water quality should always be considered a critical risk factor for toxoplasmosis on islands.
Keywords: Brazil; One Health; pets and human health; serosurvey; toxoplasmosis; zoonosis Brazil; One Health; pets and human health; serosurvey; toxoplasmosis; zoonosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Freitas, A.R.; Delai, R.R.; Kmetiuk, L.B.; da Silva, E.C.; Martini, R.; Brandão, A.P.D.; Giuffrida, R.; de Barros-Filho, I.R.; Costa da Silva, R.; Langoni, H.; et al. Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100252

AMA Style

Freitas AR, Delai RR, Kmetiuk LB, da Silva EC, Martini R, Brandão APD, Giuffrida R, de Barros-Filho IR, Costa da Silva R, Langoni H, et al. Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(10):252. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100252

Chicago/Turabian Style

Freitas, Aaronson Ramathan, Ruana Renostro Delai, Louise Bach Kmetiuk, Evelyn Cristine da Silva, Rafaella Martini, Ana Pérola Drulla Brandão, Rogério Giuffrida, Ivan Roque de Barros-Filho, Rodrigo Costa da Silva, Hélio Langoni, and et al. 2022. "Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 10: 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100252

APA Style

Freitas, A. R., Delai, R. R., Kmetiuk, L. B., da Silva, E. C., Martini, R., Brandão, A. P. D., Giuffrida, R., de Barros-Filho, I. R., Costa da Silva, R., Langoni, H., Figueiredo, F. B., Pimpão, C. T., Dos Santos, A. P., Santarém, V. A., & Biondo, A. W. (2022). Seropositivity of Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Southern Brazil. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 7(10), 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7100252

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