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Article

Using Google Trends to Estimate the Geographic Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States from 2016 to 2021

by
Steven H. Adams
1,*,
Timothy P. Endy
2 and
David A. Larsen
3
1
Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
2
Departments of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
3
Department of Public Health, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(4), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040212
Submission received: 21 February 2023 / Revised: 27 March 2023 / Accepted: 29 March 2023 / Published: 1 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnosis, Epidemiology and Control on Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) Infections - Volume II)
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Abstract

Soil-transmitted helminth infections are assumed to be uncommon in the US, despite numerous studies in the past few decades showing high burdens in Appalachia and the southern states. We assessed trends of interest in the Google search engine to gauge spatiotemporal patterns of potential soil-transmitted helminth transmission. We conducted a further ecological study comparing Google search trends to risk factors for soil-transmitted helminth transmission. Google search trends for terms related to soil-transmitted helminths were clustered in Appalachia and the south, with seasonal surges suggestive of endemic transmission for hookworm, roundworm (Ascaris), and threadworm. Furthermore, lower access to plumbing, increased septic tank use, and more rural environments were associated with increased soil-transmitted helminth-related Google search terms. Together, these results suggest that soil-transmitted helminthiasis remains endemic in parts of Appalachia and the south.
Keywords: Google Trends; hookworm; roundworm; USA Google Trends; hookworm; roundworm; USA

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MDPI and ACS Style

Adams, S.H.; Endy, T.P.; Larsen, D.A. Using Google Trends to Estimate the Geographic Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States from 2016 to 2021. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040212

AMA Style

Adams SH, Endy TP, Larsen DA. Using Google Trends to Estimate the Geographic Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States from 2016 to 2021. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(4):212. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040212

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adams, Steven H., Timothy P. Endy, and David A. Larsen. 2023. "Using Google Trends to Estimate the Geographic Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States from 2016 to 2021" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 4: 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040212

APA Style

Adams, S. H., Endy, T. P., & Larsen, D. A. (2023). Using Google Trends to Estimate the Geographic Distribution of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in the United States from 2016 to 2021. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(4), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8040212

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