Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Hematophagous Bat-Mediated Rabies Outbreaks in Remote Amazon Communities: Lessons from a Pilot for Public Health Policy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ITEM | Quantity | Unit Value (BRL) | Present Value * (USD) |
---|---|---|---|
1. UBSF [33]—Depreciation | 15 days | 1,722,060.00 (7300 days of use) | 1109.66 |
2. Small motorboats **—Depreciation | 6 units for 15 days | 9000.00 (3650 days of use) | 69.59 |
3. Speedboat engines **—Depreciation | 6 units for 15 days | 13,000.00 (3650 days of use) | 100.52 |
4. Fuel a. Displacement UBSF [33,34] b. Operating UBSF [33,34] c. Motorboats [34] | 2880 L 6120 L 1080 L | 4.516/L | 14,275.36 |
5. Oil [34] | 48 bottles | 28.90 | 435.02 |
6. Per diem for the professionals ** | 340 per diem | 135.00 | 14,394.13 |
7. Inputs (syringes, gloves, cotton, alcohol, artboards, pens, printing, etc.) ** | 3135.98 | ||
8. VERO cells human rabies vaccines [35] | 2760 vials | 73.45 | 63,573.13 |
9. GPS ** | 6 pieces of equipment | 940.50 | 1769.63 |
TOTAL (adjusted for January 2024) | 98,863.03 | ||
Cost per individual (considering 2987 individuals) | 33.10 | ||
Cost per dose applied (considering 4563 doses) | 21.67 | ||
Cost by km2 covered (considering 960 km2) | 102.98 | ||
Cost by km of rivers navigated (considering 59,441.3 km) | 1.66 |
Average number of individuals per dwelling (size of family) | 7.26 individuals/dwelling |
Density (number of individuals per km2) | 2.83 inhabitants/km2 |
Proportion by sex | Men—50.8% Women—49.2% |
Proportion by age | Child—30.50% Adolescent—22.01% Young adult—20.32% Adult—22.31% Elderly—4.85% |
Multivariate GLM to Characterize Risk | Correlated Feature | Ratio | Odds Ratio | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dwellings | Occurrence of bite by D. rotundus in domestic animals | 66/90 | 2.85 | 0.0604 |
Dwellings | Maintenance of light source at night | 70/105 | 0.79 | 0.6485 |
Dwellings | Residence located in affluent rivers | 41/105 | 5.39 | 0.0008 |
Individuals | Sex: Male | 94/170 | 1.36 | 0.372 |
Individuals | Age category: Adolescent | 32/170 | 0.50 | 0.282 |
Individuals | Age category: Young adult | 40/170 | 0.55 | 0.327 |
Individuals | Age category: Adult | 58/170 | 1.42 | 0.518 |
Individuals | Age category: Elderly | 20/170 | 2.49 | 0.168 |
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Rocha, F.; Vargas, A.; Abreu, E.M.N.d.; Pompei, J.C.A.; Vigilato, M.A.N.; Lima, D.M.; Vianna, R.S.; Cosivi, O.; Recuenco, S.E.; Costa, W.A.; et al. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Hematophagous Bat-Mediated Rabies Outbreaks in Remote Amazon Communities: Lessons from a Pilot for Public Health Policy. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2024, 9, 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080179
Rocha F, Vargas A, Abreu EMNd, Pompei JCA, Vigilato MAN, Lima DM, Vianna RS, Cosivi O, Recuenco SE, Costa WA, et al. Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Hematophagous Bat-Mediated Rabies Outbreaks in Remote Amazon Communities: Lessons from a Pilot for Public Health Policy. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2024; 9(8):179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080179
Chicago/Turabian StyleRocha, Felipe, Alexander Vargas, Elke Maria Nogueira de Abreu, Julio Cesar Augusto Pompei, Marco Antonio Natal Vigilato, Daniel Magalhães Lima, Raphael Schneider Vianna, Ottorino Cosivi, Sergio E. Recuenco, Wagner Augusto Costa, and et al. 2024. "Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent Hematophagous Bat-Mediated Rabies Outbreaks in Remote Amazon Communities: Lessons from a Pilot for Public Health Policy" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 9, no. 8: 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed9080179