A Colorimetric Detection of Noradrenaline in Wastewater Using Citrate-Capped Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Probe
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents and Apparatuses
2.2. Instrumental Specifications and Parameters
2.3. Preparation of Citrated-Gold Nanoparticles
2.4. Sensing of NA and Selectivity Studies
2.5. Analysis of NA in Real Water Samples
3. Results
3.1. Characterisation of Citrate-Capped Colloidal AuNPs
3.2. Characterisation of Aggregated Colloidal AuNPs
3.3. Method Development
Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ)
4. Discussion
4.1. Application of Citrate-Capped Colloidal AuNPs Probe in Wastwater
4.2. Comparison with the Literature
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Calibration Curve | Linearity Range/µM | R2 | STDEV Factor | LOD | LOQ |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
A526 | 0–500 | 0.2319 | 0.000613 | 919.8 | 3065.9 |
A645 | 0–500 | 0.9918 | 0.00505 | 50.3 | 167.8 |
A645/526 | 0–500 | 0.9932 | 0.0126 | 42.2 | 140.5 |
Interreference | Use | Chemical Formula | Selectivity Test |
---|---|---|---|
Noradrenaline | Hormone [10] | C8H11NO3 | Positive |
Acetaminophen | Drug [29] | C8H9NO2 | Negative |
Phenacetin | Drug [30] | C10H13NO2 | Negative |
Salicylic Acid | Hormone [31] | C7H6O3 | Negative |
Caffeine | Constituent in drugs and food [32] | C8H10N4O2 | Negative |
Xylitol | Sweetener [33] | C5H12O5 | Negative |
Sulfamethoxazole | Antibiotic [34] | C10H11N3O3S | Negative |
Colloidal Gold | Type | Technique | Analyte | Matrices | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Probe | Antibiotic | UV–vis | Sulfamethazine | Tap and lake | [35] |
Probe | Antibiotic | UV–vis | Oflaxacin | Model solution | [36] |
Probe | Metal | UV–vis | Silver | River and tap Water | [26] |
Probe | Biomarker | UV–vis | Noradrenaline | Wastewater | Current Study |
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Ally, N.; Hendricks, N.; Gumbi, B. A Colorimetric Detection of Noradrenaline in Wastewater Using Citrate-Capped Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Probe. Colloids Interfaces 2022, 6, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040061
Ally N, Hendricks N, Gumbi B. A Colorimetric Detection of Noradrenaline in Wastewater Using Citrate-Capped Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Probe. Colloids and Interfaces. 2022; 6(4):61. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040061
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlly, Numeerah, Nokwanda Hendricks, and Bhekumuzi Gumbi. 2022. "A Colorimetric Detection of Noradrenaline in Wastewater Using Citrate-Capped Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles Probe" Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4: 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040061