Landscape Response to Dynamic Human Pressure in the Paliouras Lagoon, Halkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Study Area, Vegetation and Climate, Human Occupation
1.1.1. Site
1.1.2. Vegetation
1.1.3. Climate
1.1.4. Archaeological and Historical Setting
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Lithology, Magnetic Susceptibility, and Mollusc Analysis
2.2. Age Depth Model
2.3. Pollen Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lithology, Magnetic Susceptibility, and Molluscs
Pollen
4. Discussion
4.1. From the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period
4.2. The Later Roman and the Early Medieval Times
4.3. The Later Medieval and Early Modern Times
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Depth (cm) | Lab ID | Dated Material | Radiocarbon Age | Probability | Cal. Age 2σ BP | Cal. Age 2σ BCE/CE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
19 | 137Cs | 1954 CE | ||||
20.5 | DSH10237_SO | Organic matter | - | 100% | −5.5 ± 1 | 1955.5 ± 1 CE |
45.5 * | DSH9902_SO | Organic matter | 1131 ± 21 | 95% | 1014 ± 110 | 936 ± 110 CE |
47.5 | DSH10238_SO | Organic matter | 706 ± 23 | 90% | 663 ± 34 | 1287 ± 34 CE |
92.5 | DSH9849_SH | Cerithium vulgatum shell | 2055 ± 39 | 93% | 2020.5 ± 203 | 70.5 ± 203 BCE |
122.5 * | DSH9900_SO | Organic matter | 3788 ± 33 | 90% | 4171.5 ± 177 | 2221.5 ± 177 BCE |
191.5 | DSH10652_SO | Bulk | 3726 ± 21 | 100% | 4068 ± 164 | 2118 ± 164 BCE |
Year CE | Total Population (Estimation) | Ottoman Register Signature |
---|---|---|
1478 | 464 | TT7–MM17748 |
1527 | 3005 | TT403 |
1568 | 2738 | TKGM186 |
1697 | 4749 | MAD3461 |
1722 | 4778 | KK2869 |
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Masci, L.; Vignola, C.; Liakopoulos, G.C.; Kouli, K.; Koukousioura, O.; Aidona, E.; Moros, M.; Vouvalidis, K.; Izdebski, A.; Masi, A. Landscape Response to Dynamic Human Pressure in the Paliouras Lagoon, Halkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece. Quaternary 2022, 5, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5040054
Masci L, Vignola C, Liakopoulos GC, Kouli K, Koukousioura O, Aidona E, Moros M, Vouvalidis K, Izdebski A, Masi A. Landscape Response to Dynamic Human Pressure in the Paliouras Lagoon, Halkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece. Quaternary. 2022; 5(4):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5040054
Chicago/Turabian StyleMasci, Lucrezia, Cristiano Vignola, Georgios C. Liakopoulos, Katerina Kouli, Olga Koukousioura, Elina Aidona, Matthias Moros, Konstantinos Vouvalidis, Adam Izdebski, and Alessia Masi. 2022. "Landscape Response to Dynamic Human Pressure in the Paliouras Lagoon, Halkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece" Quaternary 5, no. 4: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5040054
APA StyleMasci, L., Vignola, C., Liakopoulos, G. C., Kouli, K., Koukousioura, O., Aidona, E., Moros, M., Vouvalidis, K., Izdebski, A., & Masi, A. (2022). Landscape Response to Dynamic Human Pressure in the Paliouras Lagoon, Halkidiki Peninsula, Macedonia, Greece. Quaternary, 5(4), 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5040054