E-Marketplace State of the Art and Trends: VR-ZOCO—An Architectural Proposal for the Future
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (a)
- Expanding the customer base beyond its current audience by accessing the portal’s audience.
- (b)
- Employing an infrastructure that provides all the necessary functionality.
- (c)
- Selling immediately by eliminating the need to create and maintain a dedicated e-commerce website.
- (d)
- Accessing tools that perform valuable data collection and analysis on customer behavior, product performance, and market trends.
- (e)
- Streamlining order management and gain more time to focus on product development and customer satisfaction.
2. Electronic Marketplaces
2.1. Electronic Marketplace Definition
2.2. Current State of E-Marketplace Development
2.2.1. EM Front-End Functionalities
- FE1.
- Product navigation allows users to browse and search for products using categories, filters, and keyword search.
- FE2.
- Product view displays detailed information about each product, including images or videos, descriptions, pricing, and availability, as well as product ratings and reviews from other buyers. It should also provide information about the seller, including the seller’s name, reputation, ratings, and comments from other buyers. This additional information helps users assess the trustworthiness of the seller and make informed decisions about their purchase.
- FE3.
- Shopping cart allows users to add products for purchase, view the total amount of the purchase, and proceed to the checkout process.
- FE4.
- Personalized login allows registered users to log in to their personal account to access personalized features and receive personalized recommendations based on their browsing history and past purchases. By logging in, users can enjoy a more relevant user experience tailored to their individual preferences.
- FE5.
- Payment processing provides secure payment options and facilitates the completion of the transaction.
- FE6.
- Customer support allows users to access support tools such as live chat, contact forms, or FAQs to resolve queries, obtain technical support, or resolve purchase related issues.
- FE7.
- User reviews and ratings allows users to view and leave ratings and comments on products they have purchased and their shopping experience with a particular seller. This functionality includes a star rating system, detailed comments, and the option to upload photos of the received product. It also provides a summary of the ratings and a highlighted section for the most helpful and recent reviews. This information is crucial for other users to make informed purchasing decisions.
- FE8.
- Corporate information and policies allow users to access information about the company, such as its history, values, mission and vision. It also provides details of the site’s policies, including terms of use, privacy policy, returns, and guarantees, as well as seller-specific policies such as delivery times, terms of sale, and refund policies.
- FE9.
- Social media sharing allows users to share products they have viewed or purchased on the portal via social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. This functionality makes it easy for users to share their product discoveries with friends and followers, which can generate interest and drive traffic to the e-commerce portal.
2.2.2. EM Back-End Functionalities
- FBU1.
- User account management allows users to register, view, and update their personal information, as well as manage shipping addresses and communication preferences.
- FBU2.
- Current order tracking provides users with real-time information on the status and location of their back orders.
- FBU3.
- Order history allows users to access a complete record of all previous orders, including details such as products purchased, purchase dates, and order status. This allows them to keep track of their past purchases and makes it easier to manage returns or re-orders.
- FBU4.
- Return management allows users to request product returns, view the status of current returns, and track the refund or exchange process. This functionality makes it easier for users to resolve issues related to defective, incorrect, or unsatisfactory products, providing them with a more reliable and worry-free shopping experience.
- FBU5.
- Incident management allows users to contact the customer service department to resolve any incident or doubt related to their purchases, according to the procedure established on the portal.
- FBU6.
- Wish list allows users to create and manage wish lists to facilitate future purchases and tracking of items of interest.
- FBU7.
- Subscriptions and preferences allows users to manage their subscriptions to newsletters, product alerts, and other portal communications, as well as adjust their marketing and privacy preferences.
- FBS1.
- Shop registration allows sellers to register and list their shop on the portal, providing basic information such as shop name, description, history, logo, and contact details.
- FBS2.
- Shop account management allows sellers to modify their shop on the portal, view and update their business information, as well as set communication preferences.
- FBS3.
- Product management allows sellers to add new products, edit existing information, manage inventory, set prices, and upload product images if they do not already exist on the portal.
- FBS4.
- Order management allows sellers to view orders received, update the status of orders (e.g., marking them as processed, shipped or delivered), and communicate with buyers about any order-related issues.
- FBS5.
- Offers and discounts management allows sellers to create offers or discounts on products in the catalogue. Running campaigns of this type is designed to increase the number of sales in the shop.
- FBS6.
- Sales analysis provides detailed statistics on the seller’s sales, including data on best-selling products, revenue generated, buying trends, and customer behavior.
- FBS7.
- Customer service allows sellers to handle queries or issues related to their products, such as customer questions, requests for additional information, or complaints.
- FBS8.
- Internal communication facilitates internal communication between the seller and the portal’s administrators, allowing them to resolve technical problems, receive updates on the site’s operation, and obtain assistance in the event of technical problems or incidents.
- FBS9.
- Shop settings allow sellers to configure options specific to their shop, such as return policies, accepted payment methods, order processing time and shipping terms.
- FBA1.
- Management of information on the portal allows the administrator to modify important descriptions of the business, such as information about the company, its purpose, its history, contact details, return policies, accepted payment methods, order processing time, and shipping terms.
- FBA2.
- Visual customization allows the administrator to customize the visual appearance of the shop, including the choice of themes, colors, logos, and page layout to reflect the brand identity and enhance the user experience.
- FBA3.
- Site settings allow the administrator to configure key aspects of the site, such as payment options, returns policy, terms and conditions, tax settings, and security settings.
- FBA4.
- Product catalogue management allows the administrator to manage the type of products sold on the portal, add new categories, subcategories and products, and edit or delete existing products.
- FBA5.
- Catalogue relationship management allows the administrator to define the relationships between different types of products in the catalogue to enable cross-selling or up-selling.
- FBA6.
- Payment management and payment methods allows the administrator to manage payments and configure the payment methods available on the gateway. This includes integrating with payment gateways, monitoring transactions, and configuring security options. It ensures a smooth and secure shopping experience for users.
- FBA7.
- User and store management allows the administrator to manage customers and shops within the portal. This includes creating accounts and managing the information associated with them. This functionality ensures complete control over customer and store accounts in the portal, facilitating efficient management and growth of the online business.
- FBA8.
- Analytics and reporting provide analysis and reporting tools for the administrator to obtain information on the performance of the portal, including data on sales, inventory, user traffic, and conversions.
- FBA9.
- Shipping management provides tools for managing shipping logistics, including configuring shipping options, integrating with transport services, managing shipping labels, and tracking shipped packages.
- FBA10.
- Transaction incident management allows the administrator to manage incidents that may occur during transactions, such as payment problems, order errors, customer complaints, or disputes between buyers and sellers.
- FBA11.
- Communication between sellers, buyers, and administrator provides integrated communication tools that enable sellers, buyers, and administrators to interact effectively. This includes features such as internal messaging, live chat, support ticket systems, and contact forms that facilitate the resolution of queries, questions, or problems related to products, orders, shipments, or other transactional issues.
2.3. Emerging Trends
- Environmental Impact of E-Marketplaces. As the digital economy expands, its environmental footprint becomes a growing concern. Research into minimizing carbon footprints through optimized logistics, encouraging local pickups, and integrating eco-friendly technologies is imperative [14,15,26]. This is particularly relevant in the development of models that support the concept of a ‘15-minute city’ [19], where consumers can access goods and services within a short walk or bike ride from their homes, thus reducing vehicular emissions and promoting sustainability.
- Strengthening Local Economies. The synergy between online platforms and local businesses can be harnessed more effectively. There is a significant gap in understanding how e-marketplaces can empower local economies while maintaining global reach [18]. Investigating strategies for local economic boosts, such as featuring local SMEs prominently on portals and creating dynamic local ecosystems, could provide substantial benefits to both consumers and local businesses.
- Generative Artificial Intelligence in EMs. The potential of generative AI as a copilot for both users and vendors in e-commerce portals remains largely untapped. Research into AI that can dynamically generate accurate and engaging product descriptions, provide personalized shopping advice, and create interactive and immersive experiences can transform user interactions. This involves not just recommendation systems but AI that understands and predicts user needs and preferences in real time [27,28,29,30].
- Virtual Reality, Mixed Reality, Augmented Reality and the Metaverse. With advancements in virtual and augmented reality, the next frontier for e-commerce lies in immersive experiences. The development of interfaces that allow consumers to interact with products in a virtual space offers a richer, more informative shopping experience. Investigating how these technologies can be seamlessly integrated into existing platforms and studying their impact on consumer behavior and satisfaction, will be crucial [31,32,33].
3. Proposed E-Marketplace for the Future
3.1. New Ideas for the EM Future
- Commerce: recreational activities. In association with the act of purchase or collection in the shop, the visitor is recommended, on the basis of their profile, a recreational activity (e.g., sitting on a terrace and having an ice cream).
- Commerce: public entertainment. Also, the visitor could be recommended to attend a public show held near the store where they will make the purchase or collection (e.g., purchasing a ticket to see a film at the cinema).
- Commerce: tourist accommodation. In the case of a special object (e.g., a sword or damascene handicraft from Toledo (Spain)), the visitor is recommended to purchase it in the city where it is manufactured, with recommendations for accommodation near the place where it is sold or made.
- Recreational activities: commerce. Visitors could be advised to go shopping in nearby businesses after the activity is over.
- Recreational activities: public entertainment. The visitor could also be recommended to attend a public show (e.g., to buy a ticket to attend a theater performance).
- Recreational activities: tourist accommodation. It could also make recommendations for accommodation (e.g., booking a hotel after a dinner if the restaurant is in a different location from the visitor’s home).
- Public entertainment: tourist accommodation. The portal could recommend accommodation for the visitor to spend the night after the show.
- Public entertainment: commerce. It could also recommend to the visitor buy some material that might be necessary to carry out the activity from a nearby shop (e.g., to buy a cardigan for the cold nights in Toledo).
- Public entertainment: recreational activities. And, of course, it could recommend some recreational activity (e.g., a restaurant where they can have lunch or dinner before or after the show).
- Tourist accommodation: commerce. It could suggest some nearby shops where they can buy the products they might need for the first few days of their stay (e.g., purchase products from a nearby corner shop for dinner on the day of arrival).
- Tourist accommodation: public entertainment. It could also recommend buying tickets for public events that are scheduled for the same dates as their stay in the city.
- Tourist accommodation: recreational activities. Of course, it could also recommend recreational activities in businesses close to where they are staying in the city (e.g., having a beer on a terrace in the square at the foot of the cathedral).
3.2. New Functionalities for the EM Future
3.2.1. EM Front-End Functionalities
- FE1.
- Product Navigation. It was necessary to add the possibility of browsing the portal by entity type (), and filtering the results by purchase km 0 should be part of the process.
- FE2.
- Product View. This functionality should also be adapted to the new types of “products” offered on the portal, incorporating advanced visualization mechanisms such as 3D object manipulation, personalization and virtual reality experiences.
- FE3–9.
- They do not change; they just need to be adapted.
- FE10.
- Virtual reality environment adaptability enables the customization and adaptation of the virtual reality environment based on individual user characteristics and needs. This includes adjustments for users with disabilities, such as navigation and interaction adaptations for wheelchair users, control options for people with reduced mobility, and specific visual and auditory settings. This functionality ensures that all users can comfortably and effectively interact with the portal, regardless of their physical abilities.
- FE11.
- AI-powered virtual assistants integrate AI-powered virtual assistants that can provide help to customers during the purchasing process upon request. These assistants are capable of answering customer queries, offering product recommendations, and providing guidance throughout their shopping experience. This functionality enhances customer support by offering real-time, personalized assistance, making the shopping process smoother and more engaging.
- FE12.
- Social shopping allows users to shop virtually with friends or family. This feature includes the ability to invite other users to a real-time collaborative shopping session where they can share screens, chat, make recommendations and comment on products in real time. It facilitates a collaborative and social shopping experience that mimics the experience of shopping in a physical store with friends or family.
3.2.2. EM Back-End Functionalities
- FBU1–7.
- They will not change; they just need to be adapted.
- FBU8.
- Multichannel user data integration collects and unifies user information from multiple devices such as mobile, virtual reality environments and the web. This functionality ensures that all data captured from user interactions are integrated into a single profile, enabling a personalized and consistent experience across all environments. This includes purchasing preferences, browsing history, previous interactions and any other relevant information to enhance the user experience.
- FBS1–9.
- They will not change: they just need to be adapted.
- FBS10.
- AI-powered seller assistants integrate AI-powered assistants to help sellers optimize the presentation and sale of their products or services on the portal. These assistants can provide insights and recommendations on pricing strategies, product descriptions, inventory management, and marketing tactics. By analyzing market trends and customer behavior, the AI assistant helps sellers make data-driven decisions to enhance their sales performance.
- FBS11.
- Support for 3D model digitization orovides tools and support for digitizing products into 3D models. This includes 3D scanning services, modeling and editing tools, and guidelines for creating accurate, high-quality 3D models. This functionality ensures that sellers can offer realistic virtual representations of their products, enhancing the shopping experience in virtual reality environments.
- FBS12.
- Create themed spaces in virtual reality allows sellers to create and customize themed spaces in virtual reality environments to present their products in a more engaging and contextual way. This functionality provides tools to create specific environments that reflect the style and history of the products being sold. For example, a store in Toledo that sells swords can create a medieval environment to showcase its products. Sellers can use this functionality to create an immersive and entertaining shopping experience, increasing customer interest and interaction with their products.
- FBA1–11.
- They will not change; they just need to be adapted.
- FBA12.
- Unified Content Management. This enables centralized management of all data and content on the portal, ensuring that product or activity information, images, descriptions and other details are shared and automatically synchronized across all available platforms, including mobile web, desktop web and virtual reality glasses. This eliminates the need to upload information multiple times and ensures consistency and simultaneous updates across all user interfaces.
- FBA13.
- Loyalty Points Program and Cross-Recommendations. This involves the implementation of a loyalty points program that rewards users for their purchases and activities on the portal. These points can be redeemed for discounts, special promotions, or services at tourist accommodation, public entertainment or recreational activities businesses, such as restaurants or stores in different categories. The functionality includes the ability to recommend complementary products or services based on the user’s purchases, thus fostering relationships between different types of businesses. Additionally, it provides users with information about their accumulated points and available redemption options.
- FBA14.
- Business Collaboration Tools. These tools provide businesses within the portal with tools to facilitate the creation and management of commercial relationships between them. This functionality includes the ability to establish joint purchasing agreements, develop joint loyalty programs and create cross-promotions and offers. It also provides a communication and collaboration platform where businesses can negotiate and coordinate joint initiatives such as marketing campaigns and special events. This functionality fosters a collaborative ecosystem that allows businesses to leverage synergies and deliver more value to customers.
- FBA15.
- Security management ensures robust security measures throughout the portal to safeguard user data and transactions. This functionality includes the implementation of advanced encryption and secure storage protocols to protect sensitive personal and financial information; integration with trusted payment gateways and utilization of secure communication protocols (e.g., SSL/TLS) to ensure safe and reliable transactions; establishment of rigorous access control mechanisms, such as role-based access control (RBAC), to manage user permissions and prevent unauthorized access; continuous monitoring of system activities and auditing of security logs to detect and respond to potential threats or breaches promptly; and adherence to data protection laws and industry regulations (e.g., GDPR, PCI-DSS) to maintain legal compliance and build user trust. By prioritizing security as a core functionality, the portal provides a secure environment for users and stakeholders, fostering trust and confidence in their interactions.
- FBA16.
- Boosting local economies offers AI-based methods and techniques to boost local economies by encouraging purchases from nearby businesses and fostering relationships with nearby businesses that can provide a complete user experience (see Section 3.1).
4. System Architecture Design for VR-ZOCO
- User Interface Module ()The User Interface Module is responsible for managing the interactions between users and the portal. It ensures a seamless user experience across various devices, including virtual reality headsets, mobile phones, and desktop/laptop web browsers. This module handles the presentation layer, adapting the interface to different screen sizes and input methods. It also integrates a personalization engine that tailors the user experience based on individual preferences and past interactions, enhancing user engagement and satisfaction.
- Functionalities: Many.
- Portal Customization Module ()The Portal Customization Module empowers administrators to modify and personalize the appearance and content of the e-commerce portal. It includes tools for homepage customization, allowing administrators to design and modify the homepage layout, arrange sections, and feature products and promotions. The module also provides options for branding elements, enabling the customization of logos, color schemes, fonts, and backgrounds to reflect the desired brand identity. Content management capabilities allow for the addition, editing, and removal of text, images, videos, and banners across the portal, including updates on company information and policies. Administrators can select from a variety of predesigned themes and layouts, ensuring quick and cohesive visual updates. Specific sections of the portal, such as product categories and customer service areas, can be tailored to enhance user experience. The module integrates customizable interactive elements like sliders and pop-ups to showcase new arrivals and special deals. Additionally, analytics integration tracks the performance of different customization elements and layouts, providing insights into user engagement and allowing for data-driven adjustments. This module ensures the portal remains attractive, up-to-date, and aligned with the business’s brand strategy.
- Functionalities: FBA1, FBA2, FBA3.
- Product Management Module ()The Product Management Module oversees the cataloguing and organization of products within the portal. It handles the creation, updating and deletion of product listings, ensuring that all product information, including descriptions, images, videos and 3D models, is accurately maintained. This module also manages stock levels, tracking product availability to prevent overselling and notifying users of stock status. In addition, it provides robust viewing, searching and filtering capabilities, allowing users to efficiently find products based on a variety of criteria, such as category, price range, brand and user reviews. By providing these comprehensive tools, the Product Management Module facilitates efficient product discovery and selection, improving the overall user experience.
- Functionalities: FE1, FE2, F10, FBS3, FBS5, FBA4, FBA5, FBA12, FBA13.
- User Management Module ()The User Management Module is essential for handling user authentication, authorization, and profile management. It manages user registrations, logins, and role-based access controls to ensure secure and personalized access to the portal’s features. This module stores and maintains user profiles, which include personal information, purchase history, and loyalty points. By maintaining comprehensive user profiles, this module enables personalized experiences and targeted marketing efforts.
- Functionalities: FBU1, FBU3, FBU6, FBU7, FBA7.
- Order Processing Module ()The Order Processing Module is a key component that manages the entire lifecycle of an order, from the moment a user adds items to their shopping basket until the order is delivered, including the management of returns. It handles the complexities of the checkout process, integrates with multiple payment gateways for secure transactions, and provides real-time updates on the status of orders. By offering comprehensive tracking capabilities, it ensures that users are kept informed of the progress of their order, increasing transparency and customer satisfaction. In addition, this module is responsible for managing the logistical aspects of order fulfillment, including coordination with shipping services and inventory systems to ensure timely and accurate delivery.
- Functionalities: FE3, FE5, FBU2, FBU4, FBS4, FBA6, FBA9.
- Social Media Integration Module ()The Social Media Integration Module facilitates the connection between the e-commerce portal and various social media platforms. This module allows users to seamlessly share products, reviews and purchases on their social media profiles, increasing product visibility and engagement. By providing these comprehensive tools, the module supports efficient product discovery, selection and promotion, enhancing the overall user experience.
- Functionalities: FE9.
- Virtual Reality Environment Module ()The Virtual Reality Environment Module enables the creation and customization of immersive virtual environments within the portal. This module allows sellers to design themed spaces that enhance the shopping experience, such as a medieval setting for a store selling swords. It also provides tools for creating and managing 3D models of products, ensuring that users can interact with these models in a virtual space. By offering immersive and engaging environments, this module enhances user engagement and provides a unique shopping experience.
- Functionalities: FBS11, FBS12.
- Artificial Intelligence Module ()The Artificial Intelligence Module leverages advanced AI technologies to enhance various aspects of the portal. This module includes AI-powered virtual assistants for customer and seller support, a personalization engine for tailoring user experiences, predictive analytics for forecasting trends, and automated content generation. By integrating these AI capabilities, the module significantly improves user engagement, operational efficiency, and security.
- Functionalities: FBS10, FBA16.
- Data Analytics and Business Intelligence Module ()The Analytics Module is pivotal within the e-commerce portal, offering actionable insights and performance metrics for both businesses and administrators. It enables businesses to track sales trends, customer behavior, and product performance through intuitive reports and dynamic dashboards. By leveraging comprehensive customer insights, businesses can optimize marketing strategies, enhance customer engagement, and make informed decisions on inventory management and pricing. On the other hand, they can also obtain operational metrics and financial data, the analysis of which allows them to make decisions about the business. With predictive analytics capabilities, businesses can anticipate future sales trends and market shifts, empowering proactive adjustments to strategies. Overall, the module supports data-driven decision making, operational efficiency, and sustainable business growth within the e-commerce ecosystem.
- Functionalities: FBU8, FBS6, FBA8.
- Collaboration and Communication Module ()The Collaboration and Communication Module facilitates interactions between users, businesses, and portal administrators. It provides tools for businesses to collaborate on joint purchasing agreements and shared loyalty programs, fostering a cooperative ecosystem. This module also manages user feedback, reviews, and ratings, ensuring that valuable insights from customers are captured and addressed. By enabling effective communication and collaboration, this module helps build a strong and supportive community within the portal.
- Functionalities: FE6, FE7, FBU5, FBS8, FBS9, FBA10, FBA11, FBA14.
- Business Management Module ()The Business Management Module provides tools and features for businesses to effectively manage their presence on the portal. It allows businesses to register, set up, and customize their stores, as well as manage their products and services.
- Functionalities: FBS1, FBS2, FBS9.
- Security and Compliance Module ()The Security and Compliance Module ensures that the portal adheres to strict security protocols and regulatory requirements. It implements data encryption, secure access controls, and other measures to protect user data and transactions. This module also ensures compliance with relevant laws and regulations, such as GDPR (The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), or Regulation 2016/679, is an EU law on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of their personal data and on the free movement of such data within the European Union and the European Economic Area https://data.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj, accessed on 26 August 2024), by managing data privacy and protection policies. By prioritizing security and compliance, this module builds trust with users and safeguards the portal’s integrity.
- Functionalities: FE8, FBA15.
Formalization of the Method
- Demographic data (dd) include attributes such as age, sex, place of residence and may include socioeconomic factors such as occupation, family situation, income, and physical characteristics or disabilities.
- Psychographic data (pd) include information about their personality, lifestyle, interests, values, and attitudes.
- Behavior on the digital platform on the web (dcpw) includes data about the way they interact on the portal: the searches they perform, the satellite stores or businesses they visit and follow, the products viewed, the products tracked, the duration of those visits to a product, the products added to the shopping cart, the products abandoned in the cart, their purchases, the products of recurrent visit, the points at which they leave the portal, the points that cause their first interest or why they come to the portal.
- Behavior in the virtual world (dcmv) includes data about how they interact in the virtual world, some, as will be observed, of which are similar to those previously seen: products viewed, added to the cart, abandoned in the cart, and purchased; products manipulated, type of manipulation, time dedicated and detailed product information consulted; and the movements made by the user through the virtual environment; areas visited, time spent in each of them and movements between zones; and information consulted about stores.
- Behavior in the real world (dcmr) includes data about stores visited, satellite businesses visited, usual pickup points, as well as leisure activities accepted, usual pickup times, products purchased nearby, products picked up in store, and products purchased with home delivery, frequent sellers.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Public Entertainment [34] | |
---|---|
Leisure and entertainment | Café entertainment |
Circuses (permanent and portable) | |
Exhibition premises | |
Party halls. | |
Restaurant shows | |
Cultural | Auditoriums |
Museums | |
Tourist routes | |
Cinemas | Drive-in cinemas |
Temporary (portable or demountable) cinemas. | |
Permanent cinemas | |
Squares and enclosures | Permanent bullrings |
Nonpermanent and portable bullrings | |
Congress halls. | |
Concert halls | |
Conference halls | |
Exhibition halls | |
Multi-purpose halls | |
Theaters | Permanent theaters |
Portable or demountable temporary theaters | |
Sports | Pitches of football and rugby, baseball fields and similar |
Basketball, handball, volleyball and similar | |
Clay pigeon and similar shooting ranges | |
Shooting galleries | |
Tennis courts and similar | |
Rinks for skating, ice hockey, roller hockey and similar | |
Swimming pools | |
Boxing, wrestling, judo and similar venues | |
Circuits for motorbikes, automobiles and similar | |
Velodromes | |
Racetracks | |
Courts for fronton, trinquet, squash and similar | |
Sports centers | |
Bowling alleys | |
Billiard halls | |
Gymnasiums | |
Athletics tracks | |
Stadiums | |
Pedestrian race courses | |
Cycling, motorcycling, motor racing and similar | |
Motocross, trial and similar events | |
Nautical trials and exhibitions | |
Aeronautical trials and exhibitions |
Recreational Activities [34] | |
---|---|
Dance | Discotheques and dance halls. |
Youth halls. | |
Sports and recreational | Premises or enclosures, without spectators, intended for practicing sports and recreational activities for the public in any form. |
Games of chance and recreation | Casinos. |
Establishments of collective games of money and of chance. | |
Games and recreational halls. | |
Recreational and amusement halls. | |
Raffles. | |
Other premises and facilities assimilable to the aforementioned in accordance with the provisions of the sectorial regulation in the matter of Game. | |
Leisure | Amusement parks, fairs and similar. |
Aquatic parks. | |
Fair booths. | |
Permanent zoological parks. | |
Zoological parks in natural environment and similar. | |
Verbenas and popular festivals or folkloric manifestations. | |
Other establishments open to the public. | |
For leisure and fun. | Cocktail bars without live musical performances. |
Bars with live musical performances. | |
Taverns and wine cellars. | |
Cafeterias, bars, coffee bars and assimilable. | |
Chocolate shops, ice cream parlors, tea rooms, pastry shops, and similar. | |
Restaurants, self-service restaurants and the like. | |
Terraces. |
Tourist Accommodations |
---|
Hotel |
Apartment |
Hostel |
Bed & Breakfast |
Camping site |
Motel |
Guesthouse |
Resort |
Rural accommodation |
Vacation rentals |
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© 2024 by the authors. Published by MDPI on behalf of the International Institute of Knowledge Innovation and Invention. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Castro-Schez, J.J.; Grande, R.; Herrera, V.; Schez-Sobrino, S.; Vallejo, D.; Albusac, J. E-Marketplace State of the Art and Trends: VR-ZOCO—An Architectural Proposal for the Future. Appl. Syst. Innov. 2024, 7, 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7050076
Castro-Schez JJ, Grande R, Herrera V, Schez-Sobrino S, Vallejo D, Albusac J. E-Marketplace State of the Art and Trends: VR-ZOCO—An Architectural Proposal for the Future. Applied System Innovation. 2024; 7(5):76. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7050076
Chicago/Turabian StyleCastro-Schez, José Jesús, Rubén Grande, Vanesa Herrera, Santiago Schez-Sobrino, David Vallejo, and Javier Albusac. 2024. "E-Marketplace State of the Art and Trends: VR-ZOCO—An Architectural Proposal for the Future" Applied System Innovation 7, no. 5: 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7050076