Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nitrogen Dose Experiment (2012–2013 Rice Season)
2.2. Seasonal N2O Emissions from Acidic Gleysol Soil Following Application of N Fertiliser with and without the Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP (2013–2014 Rice Season)
2.3. Soil N2O Fluxes
2.4. Effect of Liming on Nitrification (Incubation Study)
2.5. Statistical Analyses and Data Presentation
3. Results
3.1. Response of Aerobic Rice to N Fertiliser in 2012–2013 Season
3.2. Seasonal N2O Emissions in the 2013–2014 Season Following Nitrogen Fertiliser with and without the Nitrification Inhibitor DMPP
3.3. Effect of Soil Moisture and Temperature on Mineral N Transformations in the Gleysol
3.4. Effect of Liming on Mineral N Transformations and pH in the Peat Soil
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Soil Depth (mm) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Property | 0–100 | 100–300 | 300–600 | 600–900 |
Basic texture | Loam | Loam | Clay Loam | Clay |
Total carbon (%) | 6.78 | 7.40 | 4.48 | 2.06 |
Total nitrogen (%) | 0.60 | 0.67 | 0.42 | 0.16 |
pH (1:5 water) | 4.76 | 4.8 | 5.09 | 5.08 |
EC (dS m−1) | 0.27 | 0.12 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
Bray 1 P (mg kg−1) | 10.4 | 6.3 | 12.1 | 9.9 |
Total acid extractable sulfur (mg kg−1) | 61.6 | 64.1 | 71.3 | 110 |
Cation exchange capacity (cmol+ kg−1) | 15.5 | 13.9 | 15.9 | 15.8 |
Base cations (%) | ||||
Calcium | 38.8 | 31.3 | 38.2 | 38.8 |
Magnesium | 21.5 | 19.0 | 32.3 | 38.6 |
Potassium | 3.8 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.7 |
Sodium | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.5 | 2.2 |
Aluminium | 28.3 | 43.2 | 24.2 | 16.1 |
DPTA-extractable micronutrients | ||||
Zinc (mg kg−1) | 61 | 55 | 39 | 22 |
Manganese (mg kg−1) | 111 | 55 | 34 | 33 |
Iron (mg kg−1) | 17344 | 18854 | 15634 | 20744 |
Copper (mg kg−1) | 26 | 23 | 20 | 15 |
Crop Management | 2012–2013 | 2013–2014 | |
---|---|---|---|
Previous crop | Sugarcane | Rice | |
Land preparation | |||
Discing | 22 November 2012 | 15 January 2014 | |
Power harrowing | 2 December 2012 | 23 January 2014 | |
Rice sown | |||
Date | 3 December 2012 | 24 January 2014 | |
Cultivar | Tachiminori | Langi | |
Seeding rate | 120 kg ha−1 | 120 kg ha−1 | |
Row spacing | 200 mm | 200 mm | |
Fertiliser applied | |||
Broadcast nitrogen | 8 January 2013 | 25 February 2014 | |
Herbicides | |||
480 g L−1 Clomazone at 600 mL ha−1 | 3 December 2012 | 24 January 2014 | |
480 g L−1 Propanil at 8 L ha−1 | 12 February 2014 | ||
Harvest | 24 April 2013 | 15 May 2014 |
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Rose, T.J.; Kearney, L.J.; Van Zwieten, L.; Rose, M.T. Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors. Soil Syst. 2020, 4, 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040075
Rose TJ, Kearney LJ, Van Zwieten L, Rose MT. Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors. Soil Systems. 2020; 4(4):75. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040075
Chicago/Turabian StyleRose, Terry J., Lee J. Kearney, Lukas Van Zwieten, and Michael T. Rose. 2020. "Low pH of a High Carbon Gleysol Contributes to Nitrification Inhibition Resulting in Low N2O Soil Emissions and Limited Effectiveness of Nitrification Inhibitors" Soil Systems 4, no. 4: 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems4040075