Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Sol and Sample Preparation
2.2. Surface Characterisation
2.2.1. Corrosion Tests
2.2.2. Abrasion Tests
2.2.3. Cavitation Erosion
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Corrosion Tests
3.2. Abrasion Test
3.3. Cavitation Erosion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Metroke, T.L.; Gandhi, J.S.; Apblett, A. Corrosion resistance properties of Ormosil coatings on 2024-T3 aluminum alloy. Prog. Org. Coat. 2004, 50, 231–246. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, F.; Jiang, S.; Liang, J. Cavitation erosion resistance of microarc oxidation coating on aluminium alloy. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2013, 280, 287–296. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tong, Z.; Jiao, J.; Zhou, W.; Yang, Y.; Chen, L.; Liu, H.; Sun, Y.; Ren, X. Improvement in cavitation erosion resistance of AA5083 aluminium alloy by laser shock processing. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2019, 377, 124799. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gottardi, G.; Tocci, M.; Montesano, L.; Pola, A. Cavitation erosion behaviour of an innovative aluminium alloy for Hybrid Aluminium Forging. Wear 2018, 394, 1–10. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, S.; Wang, S.; Wu, C.L.; Zhang, C.H.; Guan, M.; Tan, J.Z. Cavitation erosion and erosion-corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel by plasma transferred arc welding. Eng. Fail. Anal. 2017, 76, 115–124. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hanke, S.; Fischer, A.; Beyer, M.; Dos Santos, J. Cavitation erosion of NiAl-bronze layers generated by friction surfacing. Wear 2011, 273, 32–37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kwok, C.; Man, H.C.; Leung, L. Effect of temperature, pH and sulphide on the cavitation erosion behaviour of super duplex stainless steel. Wear 1997, 211, 84–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Luo, S.Z.; Zheng, Y.G.; Li, M.C.; Yao, Z.M.; Ke, W. Effect of cavitation on corrosion behavior of 20SiMn low-alloy steel in 3% sodium chloride solution. Corrosion 2003, 59, NACE-03070597. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhao, W.; Wang, C.; Zhang, T.; Yang, M.; Han, B.; Neville, A. Effects of laser surface melting on erosion–corrosion of X65 steel in liquid–solid jet impingement conditions. Wear 2016, 362, 39–52. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Keck, R.G. Prediction and Mitigation of Erosive-Corrosive Wear in Steam Extraction Piping Systems. Ph.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA, 1987. [Google Scholar]
- Wood, R.; Basumatary, J.; Evans, M. Energy-related tribo-corrosion research at the National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton. In Tribo-Corrosion: Research, Testing, And Applications; ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2013. [Google Scholar]
- Ahuja, V.; Hosangadi, A.; Arunajatesan, S. Simulations of cavitating flows using hybrid unstructured meshes. J. Fluids Eng. 2001, 123, 331–340. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knapp, R.; Daily, J.; Hammit, F. Cavitation; McGraw-Hill: New York, NY, USA, 1970. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, Y.; Liu, J.; Kang, N.; Darut, G.; Poirier, T.; Stella, J.; Liao, H.; Planche, M.-P. Cavitation erosion of plasma-sprayed CoMoCrSi coatings. Tribol. Int. 2016, 102, 429–435. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, S.; Wu, C.; Zhang, C. Phase evolution characteristics of FeCoCrAlCuVxNi high entropy alloy coatings by laser high-entropy alloying. Mater. Lett. 2015, 141, 7–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Y.; Darut, G.; Poirier, T.; Stella, J.; Liao, H.; Planche, M.P. Cavitation erosion of plasma sprayed YSZ coatings produced by feedstocks with different initial sizes. Tribol. Int. 2017, 111, 226–233. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cerchier, P.; Pezzato, L.; Gennari, C.; Moschin, E.; Moro, I.; Dabalà, M. PEO coating containing copper: A promising anticorrosive and antifouling coating for seawater application of AA 7075. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2020, 393, 125774. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fu, J.; Li, M.; Liu, G.; Ma, S.; Zhu, X.; Ma, C.; Cheng, D.; Yan, Z. Robust ceramic based self-lubricating coating on Al–Si alloys prepared via PEO and spin-coating methods. Wear 2020, 458, 203405. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Molaei, M.; Nouri, M.; Babaei, K.; Fattah-Alhosseini, A. Improving surface features of PEO coatings on titanium and titanium alloys with zirconia particles: A review. Surf. Interfaces 2021, 22, 100888. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, Y.L.; Cao, J.H.; Mao, M.K.; Peng, Z.M.; Skeldon, P.; Thompson, G.E. High growth rate, wear resistant coatings on an Al–Cu–Li alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation in concentrated aluminate electrolytes. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2015, 269, 74–82. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krella, A.; Czyżniewski, A. Cavitation erosion resistance of Cr–N coating deposited on stainless steel. Wear 2006, 260, 1324–1332. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, F.; Kwok, C.; Man, H.C. Laser surfacing of S31603 stainless steel with engineering ceramics for cavitation erosion resistance. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2001, 139, 14–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cheng, F.; Jiang, S. Cavitation erosion resistance of diamond-like carbon coating on stainless steel. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2014, 292, 16–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Münsterer, S.; Kohlhof, K. Cavitation protection by low temperature TiCN coatings. Surf. Coat. Technol. 1995, 74, 642–647. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sreedhar, B.; Albert, S.A.; Pandit, A. Improving cavitation erosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel in liquid sodium by hardfacing–comparison of Ni and Co based deposits. Wear 2015, 342, 92–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hou, G.; Zhao, X.; Zhou, H.; Lu, J.; An, Y.; Chen, J.; Yang, J. Cavitation erosion of several oxy-fuel sprayed coatings tested in deionized water and artificial seawater. Wear 2014, 311, 81–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bera, S.; Rout, T.K.; Udayabhanu, G.; Narayan, R. Comparative study of corrosion protection of sol–gel coatings with different organic functionality on Al-2024 substrate. Prog. Org. Coat. 2015, 88, 293–303. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Santa, J.F.; Blanco, J.A.; Giraldo, J.E.; Toro, A. Cavitation erosion of martensitic and austenitic stainless steel welded coatings. Wear 2011, 271, 1445–1453. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zheng, Z.B.; Zheng, Y.G.; Sun, W.H.; Wang, J.Q. Effect of heat treatment on the structure, cavitation erosion and erosion–corrosion behavior of Fe-based amorphous coatings. Tribol. Int. 2015, 90, 393–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Xu, J.; Zhang, S.K.; Lu, X.L.; Jiang, S.; Munroe, P.; Xie, Z.H. Effect of Al alloying on cavitation erosion behavior of TaSi2 nanocrystalline coatings. Ultrason. Sonochem. 2019, 59, 104742. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Vignesh, R.B.; Edison, T.N.J.I.; Sethuraman, M.G. Sol–gel coating with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane as precursor for corrosion protection of aluminium metal. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 2014, 30, 814–820. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tarzanagh, Y.J.; Seifzadeh, D.; Rajabalizadeh, Z.; Habibi-Yangjeh, A.; Khodayari, A.; Sohrabnezhad, S. Sol-gel/MOF nanocomposite for effective protection of 2024 aluminum alloy against corrosion. Surf. Coat. Technol. 2019, 380, 125038. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MacHugh, E.; Cullen, M.; Kaworek, A.; Duffy, B.; Oubaha, M. The effect of curing and zirconium content on the wettability and structure of a silicate hybrid sol-gel material. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2019, 525, 119658. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hegde, M.; Kavanagh, Y.; Duffy, B.; Tobin, E.F. Multifunctional hybrid sol-gel coatings for Marine Renewable Energy Applications: Synthesis, Characterization and Comparative Analysis with Organically Modified Silicon Precursor Coatings. MRS Adv. 2020, 5, 1757–1764. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fahim, J.; Hadavi, S.M.M.; Ghayour, H.; Tabrizi, S.H. Cavitation erosion behavior of super-hydrophobic coatings on Al5083 marine aluminum alloy. Wear 2019, 424, 122–132. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cullen, M.; O’Sullivan, M.; Kumar, A.M.; Sorour, A.A.; Duffy, B.; Oubaha, M. The role of the hydrolysis and zirconium concentration on the structure and anticorrosion performances of a hybrid silicate sol-gel coating. J. Sol.-Gel. Sci. Technol. 2018, 86, 553–567. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- ASTM D4060-19; Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2010.
- ASTM G32-16(2021)e1; Standard Test Method for Cavitation Erosion Using Vibratory Apparatus. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2016.
- Varma, P.R.; Colreavy, J.; Cassidy, J.; Oubaha, M.; Duffy, B.; McDonagh, C. Effect of organic chelates on the performance of hybrid sol–gel coated AA 2024-T3 aluminium alloys. Prog. Org. Coat. 2009, 66, 406–411. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Sample Name | Precursors Used | Solvent |
---|---|---|
SG1 | MAPTMS-ZPO-1% HMDI | 60% dilution in EtOH |
SG1.5 | MAPTMS-ZPO-1.5% HMDI |
Sample | Ecorr (V) | Icorr (Acm−2) | Rp (Ωcm2) |
---|---|---|---|
Bare | −1.26 | 1.36 × 10−5 | 1.94 × 103 |
SG1 SD | −1.20 | 3.93 × 10−5 | 6.92 × 103 |
SG1 DD | −1.17 | 4.68 × 10−7 | 6.21 × 104 |
SG1 TD | −0.54 | 1.06 × 10−6 | 1.62 × 104 |
SG1.5 SD | −1.15 | 9.3 × 10−7 | 5.62 × 104 |
SG1.5 DD | −0.49 | 1.25 × 10−8 | 4.27 × 106 |
SG1.5 TD | −0.51 | 1.7 × 10−8 | 1.26 × 106 |
Sample | Bare | SG1 SD | SG1 DD | SG1 TD | SG1.5 SD | SG1.5 DD | SG1.5 TD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of Cycles | TWI | ||||||
100 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
300 | 11.3 | 18 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 16 | 0.6 | 2.6 |
500 | 12 | 8.8 | 5.6 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 1.6 |
700 | 9.8 | 7.8 | 1.1 | 4.2 | 8.1 | 0.7 | 2.2 |
900 | 8.5 | 5.1 | 3 | 5 | 13.4 | 1.2 | 2.9 |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Hegde, M.; Kavanagh, Y.; Duffy, B.; Tobin, E.F. Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3. Corros. Mater. Degrad. 2022, 3, 661-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd3040036
Hegde M, Kavanagh Y, Duffy B, Tobin EF. Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3. Corrosion and Materials Degradation. 2022; 3(4):661-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd3040036
Chicago/Turabian StyleHegde, Manasa, Yvonne Kavanagh, Brendan Duffy, and Edmond F. Tobin. 2022. "Abrasion and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Multi-Layer Dip Coated Sol-Gel Coatings on AA2024-T3" Corrosion and Materials Degradation 3, no. 4: 661-671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cmd3040036