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10.3390/reactions3010009
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Review

Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals

by
Henrique Machado
1,
Ana F. Cristino
2,
Sofia Orišková
1 and
Rui Galhano dos Santos
1,*
1
Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment (CERENA), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
2
Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Reactions 2022, 3(1), 118-137; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009
Submission received: 3 December 2021 / Revised: 16 January 2022 / Accepted: 26 January 2022 / Published: 28 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Reactions in 2021)
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Abstract

Bio-oil, although rich in chemical species, is primarily used as fuel oil, due to its greater calorific power when compared to the biomass from which it is made. The incomplete understanding of how to explore its chemical potential as a source of value-added chemicals and, therefore, a supply of intermediary chemical species is due to the diverse composition of bio-oil. Being biomass-based, making it subject to composition changes, bio-oil is obtained via different processes, the two most common being fast pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. Different methods result in different bio-oil compositions even from the same original biomass. Understanding which biomass source and process results in a particular chemical makeup is of interest to those concerned with the refinement or direct application in chemical reactions of bio-oil. This paper presents a summary of published bio-oil production methods, origin biomass, and the resulting composition.
Keywords: bio-oil; hydrothermal liquefaction; pyrolysis; biomass bio-oil; hydrothermal liquefaction; pyrolysis; biomass
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MDPI and ACS Style

Machado, H.; Cristino, A.F.; Orišková, S.; Galhano dos Santos, R. Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals. Reactions 2022, 3, 118-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009

AMA Style

Machado H, Cristino AF, Orišková S, Galhano dos Santos R. Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals. Reactions. 2022; 3(1):118-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009

Chicago/Turabian Style

Machado, Henrique, Ana F. Cristino, Sofia Orišková, and Rui Galhano dos Santos. 2022. "Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals" Reactions 3, no. 1: 118-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009

APA Style

Machado, H., Cristino, A. F., Orišková, S., & Galhano dos Santos, R. (2022). Bio-Oil: The Next-Generation Source of Chemicals. Reactions, 3(1), 118-137. https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions3010009

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