Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Materials on L929 Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Preparation of the Specimens
2.2.1. Experimental Groups
2.2.2. Control Groups
- The Medium Control Group (MC): The medium of L929 cells was not removed. No light was applied to the cells;
- The Medium-Free Control Group (MFC): The purpose of this control group was to investigate to what extent the 40 s waiting time (which is the longest polymerization time of the materials) would affect the viability of the cells when preparing the samples in an outside environment. While preparing this group, the medium of L929 cells was removed. No light was applied to the cells. After waiting for 40 s, the medium was readded;
- The Physical Control Group (PC): The purpose of this control group was to mimic the weight of the test material with a cotton pellet, a sterile neutral material, to examine whether any cell death would occur on the cell group they were applied to. After removing the medium, plastic rings with only cotton pellets were placed directly on the cells and the medium was readded;
- The Light Applied Control Group (LAC): The purpose of this control group was to investigate whether there would be any cell death when light was applied for 40 s (which is the longest polymerization applied to the tested materials), and then the medium was readded.
2.3. Evaluation of Cell Morphology and Assessment of Cell Viability Using WST-1 Assay
2.4. Statistical Analyzes
3. Results
3.1. Alteration in the Morphology of Cells
3.2. Viability of the Cells (WST-1 Test)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- The cytotoxic effects of the materials on cell viability have been shown to parallel with the cell morphology;
- It can be suggested that clinicians should pay attention, while applying dual-cure bulk-fill materials in deep cavities or should use a liner material under these materials.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Material | Material | Composition | Polymerization Reaction | Inorganic Filler Content | Color | LOT Number | Manufacturer |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flowable bulk-fill material | Fill-Up!™ | TMPTMA, UDMA, BisGMA, TEGDMA, dental glass, amorphous silica, zinc oxide | Dual-cure | 65% (weight) 49% (volume) | Universal | 192896 | Coltene, Whaledent, Switzerland |
Bioactive material | ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE™ | Blend of diurethane and other methacrylates with modified polyacrylic acid, sodium fluoride, amorphous silica, bioactive glass | Dual-cure + Acid-Base reaction (glass ionomer reaction) | 56% (weight) | A2 | 190110 | Pulpdent Corporation, Watertown, USA |
Dual-cure bulk-fill composite material | HyperFIL® HAp | BisEMA, TEGDMA, TMDPO, UDMA, TMPTA, HEMA, BPO, camphoroquinone, barium glass, silica, nano-hydroxyapatite | Dual-cure | 74% (weight) | Universal | 1901019010 | Parkell, USA |
Fill-Up!™ + VALO™ Cordless (10 s) (n = 3) | ACTIVA™ BioACTIVE-RESTORATIVE™ + VALO™ Cordless (20 s) (n = 3) |
---|---|
HyperFIL® HAp + VALO™ Cordless (40 s) (n = 3) | The Medium Control Group (n = 3) |
The Medium-Free Control Group (n = 3) | The Physical Control Group (n = 3) |
The Light Applied Control Group (n = 3) |
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Koymen, S.S.; Donmez, N.; Yenigun, V.B.; Bahadori, F.; Kocyigit, A. Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Materials on L929 Cells. Prosthesis 2022, 4, 447-457. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4030036
Koymen SS, Donmez N, Yenigun VB, Bahadori F, Kocyigit A. Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Materials on L929 Cells. Prosthesis. 2022; 4(3):447-457. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4030036
Chicago/Turabian StyleKoymen, Safiye Selin, Nazmiye Donmez, Vildan Betul Yenigun, Fatemeh Bahadori, and Abdurrahim Kocyigit. 2022. "Investigating the Cytotoxicity of Dual-Cure Bulk-Fill Resin Materials on L929 Cells" Prosthesis 4, no. 3: 447-457. https://doi.org/10.3390/prosthesis4030036