Landscape Pattern Effects on Surface Runoff: Assessment Using a Hydrologic Model in the Fuhe Basin of Poyang Lake Watershed †
1
State Key Laboratory of Information of Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
2
School of Urban and Environment Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences, 16–30 November 2020; Available online: https://ecws-5.sciforum.net/ .
Environ. Sci. Proc. 2021, 7(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-5-08013
Published: 12 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of 5th International Electronic Conference on Water Sciences)
A series of urgent issues such as global warming, frequent natural disasters, and water shortages are largely the result of heavy human interference and its induced changes in landscape structure. How the landscape pattern variation impacts the surface runoff remains an unsolved issue for water resource management. In recent decades, actions of ecological environment protection and projects of returning farmland to forests and grasslands have significantly changed the landscape pattern in the Fuhe Basin of Poyang Lake watershed, which will inevitably affect the hydrological cycle of the basin. In this study, the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model for the Fuhe Basin was first built to predict the runoff depth for the divided 31 subbasins during three periods from 1990 to 1999, 2000 to 2008, and 2009 to 2013. Meanwhile, dynamic changes of landscape patterns were analyzed based on the land use and cover data in the years 1990, 2000, and 2008. Finally, correlations between different landscape indexes and surface runoff were quantified over subbasins through Spearman Correlation analysis. Results showed that the SWAT model was applicable in the Fuhe Basin with R2 (coefficient of determination) and Ens (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient) larger than 0.85 for runoff prediction. As for the landscape indexes, the fragmentation degree increased and then decreased during the three periods. The landscape patches’ shape became more complicated, while connectivity of different landscapes decreased and then increased during the three periods. The forest and paddy field have the greatest degree of fragmentation among all the landscape types. Forests have a larger degree of dominance, which was highly connected to patches of other landscape types. According to the changes in landscape patterns from 1990 to 2008, the smaller the fragmentation degree, the more complex the patch shape, and more uneven distribution of landscape patches led to more precipitation interception and runoff reduction. From the perspective of the landscape type, the landscape area ratios (PLAND) of dry land, paddy field, water area, and urban and rural construction land patches have a significantly positive correlation with surface runoff, while PLAND and FRAC_AM (Area Weighted Patch Fractal Dimension) indexes of forestland have a significantly negative correlation with surface runoff. The complexity of forestland patch shape strengthened the interception of rainfall and plant transpiration, which would reduce water yield. The expansion of urban impervious area, aggravating landscape fragmentation, reduced runoff interception, and increased surface runoff, which can be indicated by positive relation with PLAND and FRAC_AM of urban construction. Deeply understanding surface runoff alternations induced by landscape patterns changes would not only provide scientific support for sustainable utilization of water resources but also offer best management practices (BMPs) for land management.
Supplementary Materials
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/ECWS-5-08013/s1.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization and methodology, J.L. and Q.Y.; data process, Q.Y. and H.W.; data analysis, Q.Y. and H.W.; writing—original draft preparation, J.L. and Q.Y.; writing—review and editing, Q.Y., X.C.; supervision, X.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This work was funded by the Frontier Project of Applied Foundation of Wuhan (2019020701011502), the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province (20201BBG71002), and the LIESMARS Special Research Funding.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Runoff data are available at http://slt.jiangxi.gov.cn accessed on 8 August 2020. Daily rainfall data are available at http://data.cma.cn accessed on 8 August 2020. Land use cover data and DEM data are available at http://www.geodata.cn accessed on 8 August 2020.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lu, J.; Yan, Q.; Wang, H.; Chen, X. Landscape Pattern Effects on Surface Runoff: Assessment Using a Hydrologic Model in the Fuhe Basin of Poyang Lake Watershed. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2021, 7, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-5-08013
AMA Style
Lu J, Yan Q, Wang H, Chen X. Landscape Pattern Effects on Surface Runoff: Assessment Using a Hydrologic Model in the Fuhe Basin of Poyang Lake Watershed. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2021; 7(1):8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-5-08013
Chicago/Turabian StyleLu, Jianzhong, Qingqing Yan, Hongzhi Wang, and Xiaoling Chen. 2021. "Landscape Pattern Effects on Surface Runoff: Assessment Using a Hydrologic Model in the Fuhe Basin of Poyang Lake Watershed" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 7, no. 1: 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ECWS-5-08013
