Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens—Open Access Journal Devoted to Ex Situ Research and Conservation of our Planet’s Biodiversity
“…as far as possible and as appropriate, and predominantly for the purpose of complementing in-situ measures: (a) Adopt measures for the ex-situ conservation of components of biological diversity, preferably in the country of origin of such components; (b) Establish and maintain facilities for ex-situ conservation of and research on plants, animals and micro- organisms, preferably in the country of origin of genetic resources; (c) Adopt measures for the recovery and rehabilitation of threatened species and for their reintroduction into their natural habitats under appropriate conditions; (d) Regulate and manage collection of biological resources from natural habitats for ex-situ conservation purposes so as not to threaten ecosystems and in-situ populations of species, except where special temporary ex-situ measures are required…”[9].
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Mallinson, J.J.C. A Sustainable Future for Zoos and Their Role in Wildlife Conservation. Hum. Dimens. Wildl. 2003, 8, 59–63. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Carr, N.; Cohen, S. The Public Face of Zoos: Images of Entertainment, Education and Conservation. Anthrozoös 2011, 24, 175–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Hill, A.W. The history of and function of botanic gardens. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 1915, 2, 185–240. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zimmermann, A. The role of zoos in contributing to in situ conservation. In Wild Mammals in Captivity: Principles and Techniques for Zoo Management; Kleiman, D.G., Thompson, K.V., Baer, C.K., Eds.; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL, USA, 2010; pp. 281–287. [Google Scholar]
- Gippoliti, S. Ex-situ conservation programmes in European zoological gardens: Can we afford to lose them? Biodivers. Conserv. 2010, 21, 1359–1364. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Baratay, E.; Hardouin-Fugier, E. Zoo: A History of Zoological Gardens in the West; Reaktion Books: London, UK, 2002. [Google Scholar]
- Convention on Biological Diversity. History. Available online: https://www.cbd.int/history/ (accessed on 1 November 2020).
- IUDZG; CBSG. The World Zoo Conservation Strategy; Chicago Zoological Society: Brookfield, IL, USA, 1993. [Google Scholar]
- Convention on Biological Diversity. Article 9. Ex-situ Conservation. Available online: https://www.cbd.int/kb/record/article/6885?RecordType=article (accessed on 1 November 2020).
- Miller, B.; Conway, W.; Reading, R.; Wemmer, C.; Wildt, D.; Kleiman, D.; Monfort, S.; Rabinowitz, A.; Armstrong, B.; Hutchins, M. Evaluating the conservation mission of zoos, aquariums, botanical gardens and natural history museums. Conserv. Biol. 2004, 18, 86–93. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Convention on Biological Diversity. TARGET 13—Technical Rationale Extended. Available online: https://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/rationale/target-13/ (accessed on 1 November 2020).
- Convention on Biological Diversity. COP-14. Available online: https://www.cbd.int/meetings/COP-14 (accessed on 1 November 2020).
- Simonin, D.; Gavinelli, A. The European Union legislation on animal welfare: state of play, enforcement and future activities. In Animal Welfare: From Science to Law; Hild, S., Schweitzer, L., Eds.; La Fondation Droit Animal, Éthique et Sciences: Paris, France, 2019; pp. 59–70. [Google Scholar]
- Buehler, M.; Jesse, S.T.; Kueck, H.; Lange, B.; Koenig, P.; Koenig, P.; Jo, W.K.; Osterhaus, A.; Beineke, A. Lagovirus europeus GI. 2 (rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus 2) infection in captive mountain hares (Lepus timidus) in Germany. BMC Vet. Res. 2020, 16, 1–6. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cassey, P.; Hogg, C.J. Escaping captivity: the biological invasion risk from vertebrate species in zoos. Biol. Conserv. 2015, 181, 18–26. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lindhout, P.; Reniers, G. Reflecting on the safety zoo: Developing an integrated pandemics barrier model using early lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. Saf. Sci. 2020, 130, 104907. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Short Biography of Author
Anna Loy is Associate Professor of Zoology at the Department of Biosciences and Territory at the University of Molise since 2007, where she teaches zoology for undergraduate students and zoology and ecology of vertebrates for the master’s degree. She is also president of the Italian Mammal Society (www.mammiferi.org) since 2018, and co-chair of the IUCN Otter Specialist Group (https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/) since 2019. She received her academic training in Biological Science (laurea cum laude, 1981) and earned her PhD (1992) in evolutionary ecology at the University of Rome “Sapienza” in Italy. She has published more than 70 peer-reviewed papers (Scopus h-index 20) mainly focused on the biology, ecology, evolution, and conservation of European mammals. She is co-editor, with Paolo Ciucci, of the “Carnivore” volume of the Handbook of European Mammals (Zachos and Hacklander Eds.) by Springer. Her research interests include the biology, ecology, and conservation of vertebrates, mainly using niche and species distribution modelling, geometric morphometrics, as well as genetic and genomic approaches. |
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2020 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Loy, A. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens—Open Access Journal Devoted to Ex Situ Research and Conservation of our Planet’s Biodiversity. J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2020, 1, 76-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg1010006
Loy A. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens—Open Access Journal Devoted to Ex Situ Research and Conservation of our Planet’s Biodiversity. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2020; 1(1):76-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg1010006
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoy, Anna. 2020. "Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens—Open Access Journal Devoted to Ex Situ Research and Conservation of our Planet’s Biodiversity" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 1, no. 1: 76-79. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg1010006