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Communication

Synthesis, Characterization, and Acute Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine Encapsulating Liposomes

by
Nathan D. Donahue
1,†,
Ellen A. Vance
1,†,
Vinit Sheth
1,
Emmy R. Francek
1 and
Stefan Wilhelm
1,2,3,*
1
Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
2
Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Technology (IBEST), Norman, OK 73019, USA
3
Stephenson Cancer Center, The University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Micro 2023, 3(1), 51-59; https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3010005
Submission received: 14 December 2022 / Revised: 9 January 2023 / Accepted: 11 January 2023 / Published: 13 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microenvironment and Nanocarriers)
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Abstract

Liposomes encapsulating chloroquine were synthesized and characterized. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering confirmed a liposome size of ~100 nm and uniform shape. Two independent analytical methods were used to quantify chloroquine encapsulation: (i) HPLC, and (ii) UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Using RAW264.7 murine macrophages as model immune cells, cell culture experiments revealed an improved acute cytotoxicity profile of chloroquine encapsulating liposomes with >90% cell viability compared to free chloroquine (cell viability ~30%) at equivalent drug doses. These results may potentially be relevant for liposome-based chloroquine delivery for nanomedicine applications.
Keywords: chloroquine; liposome; drug delivery; macrophages; cytotoxicity; nanomedicine chloroquine; liposome; drug delivery; macrophages; cytotoxicity; nanomedicine

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MDPI and ACS Style

Donahue, N.D.; Vance, E.A.; Sheth, V.; Francek, E.R.; Wilhelm, S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Acute Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine Encapsulating Liposomes. Micro 2023, 3, 51-59. https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3010005

AMA Style

Donahue ND, Vance EA, Sheth V, Francek ER, Wilhelm S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Acute Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine Encapsulating Liposomes. Micro. 2023; 3(1):51-59. https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3010005

Chicago/Turabian Style

Donahue, Nathan D., Ellen A. Vance, Vinit Sheth, Emmy R. Francek, and Stefan Wilhelm. 2023. "Synthesis, Characterization, and Acute Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine Encapsulating Liposomes" Micro 3, no. 1: 51-59. https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3010005

APA Style

Donahue, N. D., Vance, E. A., Sheth, V., Francek, E. R., & Wilhelm, S. (2023). Synthesis, Characterization, and Acute Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Chloroquine Encapsulating Liposomes. Micro, 3(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.3390/micro3010005

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