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Volume 5
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Article

Assessment of Cultural and Contextual Factors in Trauma-Informed Interventions for Internally Displaced People in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research

by
Waganesh A. Zeleke
1,*,
Mengistu Dagnew
2,
Yemataw Wondie
3,
Tewodros Hailu
3,
Courtney Holmes
1,
Mekdes Melesse Mekonen
3,
Birtukan Taye Eshete
3 and
Goshu Nenko
4
1
Department of Rehabilitation Counseling, College of Health Professions, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
2
Department of Sociology, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
3
Department of Psychology, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
4
Department of Psychiatry, University of Gondar, Gondar P.O. Box 196, Ethiopia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trauma Care 2025, 5(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare5010004
Submission received: 26 November 2024 / Revised: 3 February 2025 / Accepted: 21 February 2025 / Published: 26 February 2025
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Abstract

Background: Internal displacement is a global crisis, with Ethiopia being among the most affected countries due to conflict, violence, and natural disasters. Internally displaced people (IDPs) face multifaceted trauma at the individual, family, and community levels, exacerbating mental health issues such as PTSD and depression. Despite ongoing interventions, many programs lack cultural and contextual adaptations that are suited to Ethiopia’s diverse communities. Aims: This study aimed to explore the cultural and contextual factors influencing trauma-informed interventions for IDPs in Ethiopia and develop a framework for culturally responsive mental health support. Methods: Utilizing Community-Based Participatory Action Research (CBPAR) and interpretative phenomenological research design, data were collected from 42 stakeholders through Focus Group Discussions and in-depth individual interviews, and subsequently analyzed using thematic analysis to identify patterns and themes. Results: Key findings highlighted the ongoing trauma faced by IDPs, the importance of demographic characteristics (e.g., gender and education), and the role of cultural stereotypes in shaping trauma perceptions. Traditional community rituals such as coffee ceremonies have been identified as vital for healing. Effective interventions require cultural alignment, respect for religious values, and integration into community activities. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for culturally and contextually responsive trauma-informed intervention. Incorporating community rituals and engaging local leaders enhances intervention acceptance and effectiveness. The findings provide a framework to address mental health needs while fostering resilience among internally displaced Ethiopian populations.
Keywords: cultural adaptation; internal displaced people; trauma-informed approach; mental health intervention; Ethiopia cultural adaptation; internal displaced people; trauma-informed approach; mental health intervention; Ethiopia

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zeleke, W.A.; Dagnew, M.; Wondie, Y.; Hailu, T.; Holmes, C.; Mekonen, M.M.; Eshete, B.T.; Nenko, G. Assessment of Cultural and Contextual Factors in Trauma-Informed Interventions for Internally Displaced People in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research. Trauma Care 2025, 5, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare5010004

AMA Style

Zeleke WA, Dagnew M, Wondie Y, Hailu T, Holmes C, Mekonen MM, Eshete BT, Nenko G. Assessment of Cultural and Contextual Factors in Trauma-Informed Interventions for Internally Displaced People in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research. Trauma Care. 2025; 5(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare5010004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zeleke, Waganesh A., Mengistu Dagnew, Yemataw Wondie, Tewodros Hailu, Courtney Holmes, Mekdes Melesse Mekonen, Birtukan Taye Eshete, and Goshu Nenko. 2025. "Assessment of Cultural and Contextual Factors in Trauma-Informed Interventions for Internally Displaced People in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research" Trauma Care 5, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare5010004

APA Style

Zeleke, W. A., Dagnew, M., Wondie, Y., Hailu, T., Holmes, C., Mekonen, M. M., Eshete, B. T., & Nenko, G. (2025). Assessment of Cultural and Contextual Factors in Trauma-Informed Interventions for Internally Displaced People in Ethiopia: A Community-Based Participatory Action Research. Trauma Care, 5(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/traumacare5010004

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