Ozone Pollution in the North China Plain during the 2016 Air Chemistry Research in Asia (ARIAs) Campaign: Observations and a Modeling Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Aircraft Campaign in the NCP
2.2. Satellite Products
2.3. Model Set-Up
3. Results
3.1. Air Pollution in the NCP and CMAQ Performance
3.2. Evaluation of Emissions Inventory in the NCP
3.3. Evaluation of CO, NOx, and VOC Emissions Using Satellite Data
3.4. Tropospheric Ozone Production Sensitivity from OMI and CMAQ
3.5. Improvements in Tropospheric Ozone Simulation Using Satellite Products
4. Conclusions and Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Run NO. | Experiment Name | Bio. VOCs | Anthro. CO | Anthro. NOx | Anthro. VOCs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | CMAQ_baseline | BEIS | EDGAR | EDGAR | EDGAR |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | N/A | EDGAR | EDGAR | EDGAR |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | BEIS | EDGAR | Adjusted | EDGAR |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | BEIS | EDGAR | Adjusted | EDGAR |
5 | CMAQ_CO | BEIS | Adjusted | EDGAR | EDGAR |
6 | CMAQ_All | BEIS | Adjusted | Adjusted | Adjusted |
No. | Name | Slope | Corr. R | NMB | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unitless | Unitless | % | ppbv | ||
O3 | |||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | 0.86 | 0.83 | 2.90 | 11.28 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | 0.79 | 0.83 | −4.44 | 11.30 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | 0.92 | 0.81 | 11.66 | 13.27 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | 0.91 | 0.84 | 7.12 | 11.40 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | 0.88 | 0.83 | 5.00 | 11.46 |
6 | CMAQ_All | 1.00 | 0.83 | 18.43 | 14.99 |
CO | |||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | 0.40 | 0.33 | −72.53 | 551.34 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | 0.39 | 0.32 | −73.39 | 556.65 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | 0.40 | 0.32 | −72.70 | 552.35 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | 0.40 | 0.33 | −72.32 | 550.07 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | 0.65 | 0.30 | −62.76 | 510.28 |
6 | CMAQ_All | 0.65 | 0.30 | −62.75 | 510.25 |
NO2 | |||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | 0.93 | 0.45 | −54.72 | 9.06 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | 0.92 | 0.45 | −56.82 | 9.22 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | 0.81 | 0.45 | −52.30 | 8.65 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | 0.96 | 0.44 | −54.85 | 9.18 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | 0.93 | 0.45 | −54.68 | 9.08 |
6 | CMAQ_All | 0.84 | 0.43 | −52.52 | 8.79 |
No. | Name | Mean Diff | Slope | Stdev | Corr. R | NMB | NME | RMSE | Mean Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ppbv | Unitless | ppbv | Unitless | % | % | ppbv | Unitless | ||
O3 | |||||||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | −21.35 | 0.56 | 13.25 | 0.37 | −25.14 | 25.86 | 25.10 | 0.75 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | −23.74 | 0.49 | 12.85 | 0.41 | −27.94 | 28.34 | 26.97 | 0.72 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | −19.83 | 0.59 | 13.63 | 0.34 | −23.34 | 24.18 | 24.03 | 0.77 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | −19.26 | 0.66 | 13.66 | 0.36 | −22.67 | 23.81 | 23.58 | 0.77 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | −20.35 | 0.61 | 13.52 | 0.36 | −23.96 | 24.83 | 24.40 | 0.76 |
6 | CMAQ_All | −15.18 | 0.81 | 14.83 | 0.33 | −17.87 | 20.33 | 21.18 | 0.82 |
CO | |||||||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | −183.56 | 0.21 | 165.92 | 0.23 | −60.26 | 60.26 | 246.98 | 0.40 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | −186.34 | 0.21 | 165.52 | 0.25 | −61.17 | 61.17 | 248.79 | 0.39 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | −184.25 | 0.21 | 165.76 | 0.24 | −60.48 | 60.50 | 247.39 | 0.40 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | −181.89 | 0.22 | 166.32 | 0.22 | −59.71 | 59.78 | 246.01 | 0.40 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | −148.55 | 0.36 | 167.90 | 0.22 | −48.76 | 50.32 | 223.67 | 0.51 |
6 | CMAQ_All | −104.45 | 0.52 | 175.48 | 0.21 | −34.29 | 45.03 | 203.60 | 0.66 |
NO2 | |||||||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | −1.72 | 0.31 | 3.09 | 0.58 | −59.91 | 64.59 | 3.52 | 0.40 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | −1.73 | 0.31 | 3.09 | 0.58 | −60.47 | 64.90 | 3.52 | 0.40 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | −1.45 | 0.38 | 2.99 | 0.60 | −50.61 | 61.26 | 3.31 | 0.49 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | −1.76 | 0.31 | 3.10 | 0.58 | −61.60 | 65.66 | 3.55 | 0.38 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | −1.70 | 0.31 | 3.09 | 0.58 | −59.28 | 64.20 | 3.51 | 0.41 |
6 | CMAQ_All | −1.47 | 0.38 | 3.01 | 0.59 | −51.23 | 61.62 | 3.33 | 0.49 |
NO | |||||||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | −0.25 | 0.99 | 0.47 | 0.68 | −32.23 | 45.4 | 0.53 | 0.68 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | −0.24 | 1.02 | 0.48 | 0.68 | −31.09 | 45.66 | 0.54 | 0.69 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | −0.08 | 1.31 | 0.59 | 0.67 | −9.75 | 50.01 | 0.59 | 0.90 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | −0.30 | 0.89 | 0.45 | 0.68 | −38.63 | 46.58 | 0.54 | 0.61 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | −0.26 | 0.96 | 0.47 | 0.68 | −33.08 | 45.26 | 0.53 | 0.67 |
6 | CMAQ_All | −0.16 | 1.13 | 0.52 | 0.67 | −20.31 | 45.46 | 0.54 | 0.80 |
NOy | |||||||||
1 | CMAQ_Baseline | −15.26 | 0.30 | 10.15 | 0.39 | −77.58 | 77.58 | 18.27 | 0.22 |
2 | CMAQ_noBEIS | −15.50 | 0.29 | 10.15 | 0.40 | −78.81 | 78.81 | 18.47 | 0.21 |
3 | CMAQ_NOx | −14.24 | 0.37 | 10.20 | 0.37 | −72.39 | 72.39 | 17.46 | 0.28 |
4 | CMAQ_VOCs | −15.23 | 0.30 | 10.16 | 0.39 | −77.42 | 77.42 | 18.25 | 0.23 |
5 | CMAQ_CO | −15.26 | 0.30 | 10.15 | 0.39 | −77.56 | 77.56 | 18.27 | 0.22 |
6 | CMAQ_All | −14.21 | 0.37 | 10.20 | 0.37 | −72.26 | 72.26 | 17.44 | 0.28 |
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He, H.; Li, Z.; Dickerson, R.R. Ozone Pollution in the North China Plain during the 2016 Air Chemistry Research in Asia (ARIAs) Campaign: Observations and a Modeling Study. Air 2024, 2, 178-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2020011
He H, Li Z, Dickerson RR. Ozone Pollution in the North China Plain during the 2016 Air Chemistry Research in Asia (ARIAs) Campaign: Observations and a Modeling Study. Air. 2024; 2(2):178-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Hao, Zhanqing Li, and Russell R. Dickerson. 2024. "Ozone Pollution in the North China Plain during the 2016 Air Chemistry Research in Asia (ARIAs) Campaign: Observations and a Modeling Study" Air 2, no. 2: 178-208. https://doi.org/10.3390/air2020011