3.1.3. Magnesium

We included two animal studies that evaluated the e ffects of magnesium deficiency on osseointegration of titanium implants. The deficiency of magnesium led to lower cortical bone thickness, lower values of removal torque of the implants, and lower bone mineral density (BMD) [40,41]. In detail, Bellucci et al., in 2011 [40], found that a 90% reduction of magnesium intake, 90 days after implant insertion, led to lower BMD values. In the magnesium reduction group, upper and lower cortical thicknesses were significantly reduced, as well as the removal torque of the implants. On the other hand, the radiographic bone density and cortical thickness around the implants resulted similar between the two groups.

Del Barrio et al., in 2010 [41], reported that only a 90% reduced magnesium intake resulted in low BMD after implant insertion compared to both a 75% magnesium intake reduction and a normal magnesium intake.
