*3.1. Analysis of Genetic Diversity Parameters*

Out of the total 47,441 putative DArTseq markers, 5974 were retained after filtering. The GBS-DArTseq markers were unequally distributed across the ten chromosomes of the 208 maize panel. Chromosome 1 had the highest number of markers (905), while chromosome 10 had the least (422) (Supplementary Figure S2). He, Ho, MAF, and PIC values estimated for the entire maize panel (208 accessions) averaged 0.36, 0.50, 0.28, and 0.29, respectively (Table 1). The average values of He, Ho, MAF, and PIC were 0.30, 0.41, 0.23, and 0.24, respectively, for the Burkinabe gene pool, and 0.32, 0.34, 0.23, and 0.26, respectively, for the Ghanaian gene pool. The average He, Ho, MAF, and PIC values of the Togolese gene pool were 0.36, 0.50, 0.27, and 0.28, respectively. Furthermore, the He, Ho, MAF, and PIC values of the reference population averaged 0.36, 0.47, 0.28, and 0.29, respectively. For the landraces as a group, He, Ho, MAF, and PIC values averaged 0.37, 0.50, 0.28, and 0.29, respectively.

**Table 1.** Diversity statistics based on 5974 DArTseq markers across 208 maize accessions.


N/number of accessions; He/expected heterozygosity; Ho/observed heterozygosity; MaF/major allele frequency; MAF/minor allele frequency; PIC/polymorphic information content.
