*2.1. Participants*

Fifteen healthy male college football players (age: 21.2 ± 2.0 years; height: 172.4 ± 5.3 cm; body mass: 66.5 ± 9.7 kg) were recruited in this study. The inclusion criteria were (1) at least three years football training experience; (2) foot length of U.S. size 8 for heel-to-toe length; (3) right leg dominant (preferred for kicking); (4) not having sustained a lower limb injury within the past 12 months, including ankle sprain, fractures, or surgeries; and (5) no history of neural or vestibular diseases. The University Ethics Board approved this study, and all participants gave written informed consent before they participated in this study.
