*4.1. Reagents*

All reagents used in the enzyme assays were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Tokyo, Japan). Fucoidan from *Cladosiphon Okamuranus* was provided by Marine Products Kimuraya Co., Ltd. (Tottori, Japan). The average molecular weight of fucoidan is 300,000 Dalton as analyzed by size exclusion chromatography. The fucose content is about 60%, and sulfated fucose is 14.3% in total fucoidan. Food entrainment, i.e., AIN-93G, was purchased from CREA Japan Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).
