*3.5. Statistical Analysis*

Three independent experiments were carried out for each assay. Data were expressed as means ± standard error of the means (S.E.M) and analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by the least significant di fferences test using SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Turkey's multiple-range test was used to assess the significant di fferences of the means. In all cases, the *p*-value (*p* < 0.05) was indicated as statistically significant di fferences.
