*4.8. Statistical Analysis*

All statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prism software (version 7). Differences between the sham-exposed and placental ischemia-exposed dams and fetuses were calculated using unpaired *t*-tests. For analyses where variances were different, we used Welch's *t*-test with corrections for unequal variance. Pearson's correlations were calculated to determine the association between various factors. Outlier tests (ROUT, Q = 1%) were conducted when visible outliers were suspected. For the microglia density data, two outliers (fetuses from the same dam from the sham-exposed group) were removed from analysis and are not shown. All graphs depict values for individual animals along with the mean ± SEM. The threshold for statistical difference was set at *p* < 0.05.
