*2.4. Mesh Independency*

*2.4. Mesh Independency*  Figure 3 shows the details of the mesh independency test. The Lorentz force and average velocity are considered as parameters to evaluate the mesh independency. In the present study, the mesh type is defined as the number of elements in the generated mesh. Mesh type 1 contains 5.43 × 104 elements, which is a coarse mesh, whereas mesh type 5 contains 1.45 × 106 elements, which is a finer mesh. As the mesh elements increased from 9.65 × 105 to 1.45 × 106 , the Lorentz force and average velocity varied only 0.008% and 0.166%, respectively. Considering the computational cost and accuracy of the numerical simulations, mesh type 4 with 9.65 × 105 elements, is selected for carrying out numerical Figure 3 shows the details of the mesh independency test. The Lorentz force and average velocity are considered as parameters to evaluate the mesh independency. In the present study, the mesh type is defined as the number of elements in the generated mesh. Mesh type 1 contains 5.43 × 10<sup>4</sup> elements, which is a coarse mesh, whereas mesh type 5 contains 1.45 × 10<sup>6</sup> elements, which is a finer mesh. As the mesh elements increased from 9.65 × 10<sup>5</sup> to 1.45 × 10<sup>6</sup> , the Lorentz force and average velocity varied only 0.008% and 0.166%, respectively. Considering the computational cost and accuracy of the numerical simulations, mesh type 4 with 9.65 × 10<sup>5</sup> elements, is selected for carrying out numerical simulations as shown in Table 3.

