**Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Analysis on the E**ff**ects of Truncated Twisted Tape Inserts in a Tube Heat Exchanger**

**Mehdi Ghalambaz 1,2, Ramin Mashayekhi <sup>3</sup> , Hossein Arasteh <sup>4</sup> , Hafiz Muhammad Ali <sup>5</sup> , Pouyan Talebizadehsardari 6,7,\* and Wahiba Yaïci 8,\***


Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 29 September 2020; Published: 9 October 2020

**Abstract:** This paper investigates the convective heat transfer in a heat exchanger equipped with twisted tape elements to examine effects of the twisted tape truncation percentage, pitch value, position and Reynolds number using 3D numerical simulation. A symmetric heat flux is applied around the tube as the studied heat exchanger. Based on the influences in both heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop, the performance evaluation criterion (PEC) is utilized. Inserting twisted tape elements and reducing the pitch value significantly augment the Nusselt number, friction coefficient and PEC number compared to the plain tube. For the best case with a Reynolds number of 1000, the average Nusselt number increases by almost 151%, which is the case of fully fitted twisted tape at a pitch value of L/4. Moreover, increasing the twisted tape truncation percentage reduces both heat transfer and pressure drop. Furthermore, the highest heat transfer rate is achieved when the truncated twisted tape is located at the entrance of the tube. Finally, it is concluded that for P = L, L/2, L/3 and L/4, the optimum cases from the viewpoint of energy conservation are twisted tapes with truncation percentages of 75, 50, 50 and 0%, in which the related PEC numbers at a Reynolds number of 1000 are almost equal to 1.08, 1.24, 1.4 and 1.76, respectively.

**Keywords:** truncated twisted tape; secondary flow; laminar convective heat transfer; performance evaluation criterion; CFD; heat exchanger
