*4.11. Statistical Analysis*

Statistical analyses for cell number and ALP activity were performed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Post-hoc analysis was performed in all cases to determine multiple comparisons using the Tukey method (Origin 9.1, OriginLab). Significance levels were set as *p* < 0.05, *p* < 0.01 and *p* < 0.001.
