*4.1. Animals*

Seven-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were obtained from Tokyo Laboratory Animal Science (Tokyo, Japan). They were fed a standard laboratory diet (CE2) from CLEA Japan, Inc, (Tokyo, Japan) for 1 week for stabilization of their metabolism. Mice were maintained under a controlled environment at 22 ◦C in a 12-h light (0700–1900 h)/12-h dark (1900–0700 h) cycle. They were housed individually and allowed access to the experimental diets and water ad libitum. Care of the mice followed guidelines of the National Institutes of Health's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Japan, reviewed and approved all animal procedures (Approval no. DS27-52R3).
