*3.9. Multi-Trait Index Based on Factor Analysis and Genotype-Ideotype Distance (MGIDI)*

The MGIDI index was intended to select the genotypes with respect to considering all measured traits. Based on the analysis, a highly significant genotypic effect was noted for 10 measured traits involving DFF (Day), PH (cm), FD, FL, FW, NDVI, SLA (cm2), SPAD, TF, and YPP (kg) (Table 1). The broad-sense heritability (h2) ranged from 71.07% (for DFF) to 98.25% (for SLA). All filtered traits are evaluated with high heritability values, which indicates that the selection gain of these traits is promising. Among selected traits, traits FD, FL, FW, TF, and YPP showed the highest genetic advanced mean. However, the genotypes selected using the MGIDI index were G80, G54, G66, G120, G46, G61, G65, G108, G4, G79, G42, G77, G47, G50, G51, G43, G44, G48, and G49 (Figure 6). The strengths and weaknesses of all the genotypes are shown in Figure 7.

**Figure 6.** Germplasm ranking and selected germplasm from 130 local germplasm through multi-trait genotype-ideotypes distance index (MGIDI) considering 15% selection intensity.

**Figure 7.** The strengths and weaknesses of all the genotypes.
