*2.8. Genetic Transformation*

*Agrobacterium*-mediated transformation in broccoli was first reported by Metz et al. [138]. In the last decade, this genetic engineering tool has been applied for improving broccoli regarding (1) insect resistance by the genes *cry1A(c)*, *cry1C* and *cryIA(b)*; (2) fungal resistance by the Trichoderma harzianum endochitinase gene, *PR-1* and *PR-2*; (3) abiotic stress resistance by *AtHSP101*; (4) herbicide resistance by *Bar* gene; (5) prolonged shelf-life/delayed postharvest yellowing by *ipt* (isopentenyl transferase) gene, *ACC synthase 1*, *BoCLH1* and *ACC oxidase* gene; and (6) flowering control by *CYP86MF*, *SLG*, *FCA* and *CONSTANS*, which has been reviewed by Kumar and Srivastava in 2016 [1]. Thus, we review the advances of broccoli transgenic improvement in recent years (Table 1).


**Table 1.** Broccoli improvement by genetic transformation in recent years.


**Table 1.** *Cont.*
